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Energy Efficient and Cheap Servers for Home Use?

Posted by Cliff on Fri Sep 17, 2004 06:20 PM
from the losing-less-money-down-the-outlet dept.
CapnRob asks: "I just got married, and my wife and I are putting together a home network in the (small) apartment we're now living in. We'd like to set up a firewall/mail server/small-file-server, but all the machines we own right now are pretty big machines that pull a fair amount of power, and that we don't want to keep running 24/7. Since our mail and file server needs are pretty low, our ideal box would be something like a Linksys WRT45G with one of the open source firmwares ... if only you could add a small hard drive to it. We're both long-time FreeBSD users, so installing a *nix system is no big deal, but what I've found so far in this line needs more l337 soldering iron skillz than I've got. Any suggestions for tiny little cheap boxes that won't send our power bills into orbit?"
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  • SparcStation IPX (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ackthpt (218170) * on Friday September 17 2004, @06:21PM (#10281312) Homepage Journal
    SparcStation IPX [obsolyte.com] (or even IPC) I ran one of these clever little buggers for a few years, very low on power, quiet as a churchmouse and houses one harddrive (but at todays disk sizes that's plenty) the architecture is pretty fast and 64MB of RAM was more than adequate. You can pick these little beasties up on eBay for next to nothing so spare parts shouldn't be a problem, either (I actually bought a second for spares.) I was running RedHat 6.1 for months at a time without a hiccup.
    • OpenBSD runs very nicely on a soekris box.
    • Obsolyte! (Score:5, Funny)

      by tekrat (242117) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:36PM (#10281433) Homepage Journal
      As the owner of http://www.obsolyte.com, which is running on one of these little boxes, I'd like to thank you for slashdotting my poor little server into the ground... However, I guess it's good test for the server to see if it can withstand it -- if it can, than I guess that's the box they are looking for in the "ask slashdot"....
    • Re:SparcStation IPX (Score:5, Interesting)

      by ZorinLynx (31751) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:51PM (#10281544) Homepage
      There's some problems with the IPX that should make you think twice before considering it.

      1) CPU speed: The CPU in a Sparc IPX is slow. We're talking a MicroSPARC at 40MHz. Even running basic applications in a shell, it feels like slogging through mud. I have a SparcStation classic, which uses a MicroSPARC at 50MHz (slightly faster) and it's pure torture, especially when you fire up gcc to compile something.

      2) Bus speed: The 20MHz SBUS can barely support 10Mbps ethernet at full speed. I put an hme 100Mbps adapter in my SparcClassic and couldn't push more than about 12Mbps through it with large packets. It absolutely choked with smaller ones. The system also adds about 4ms of latency to any packet going through it, in my experience. Again, this is the slightly faster SparcClassic, not even an IPX! If you have a really fast (3Mbps or greater) DSL connection, you may lose out on performance because of this.

      Don't get me wrong, it's a fun as hell box to play with, and you can get them to network boot and run off a serial console, but they're just plain torture for doing real work. Even a PCI-bus 486 is loads faster.

      -Z
    • DEC Multia's (Score:4, Informative)

      by Moekandu (300763) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:34PM (#10281831) Homepage
      They're tiny (13x13x3 in), you can get them dirt cheap in both Pentium and Alpha flavors (100 - 166Mhz range) and just about any *nix distro will support them.

      They're basically the predecessor to the SFF boxen. Just don't lay the Alpha Multia's flat or one of the chips on the underside of the motherboard will overheat and die. But, then again, there are detailed instructions on the NetBSD website on how to use those l33t soldering skills to fix it.
  • by Nugget (7382) * <nugget@distributed.net> on Friday September 17 2004, @06:21PM (#10281316) Homepage
    Soekris [soekris.com] boxes are exactly what you're looking for. They're cheap, stable, low power, interface-rich and run FreeBSD like a dream. They're super boxes.
    • by douglips (513461) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:30PM (#10281399) Homepage Journal
      You can easily run the Pebble Linux [nycwireless.net] distro on these. The easy way is to mount a CF card on a Linux box and build a bootable filesystem there. The Pebble docs [nycwireless.net] walk you through it, piece of cake.

      Since you can get 1 GB flash cards for pretty cheap, and Pebble even with added bells & whistles fits handily in 256 MB, you can run dead silent. No fans, no water cooling. Power consumption is somewhere south of 10 watts according to the soekris docs.

      Of course, if you are running a mail server and/or web server, you might want an actual hard disk to be able to have many read/write cycles without destroying your CF card - you can use a microdrive CF form factor disk with no problem.

      My understanding is that Soekris' support for *BSD is better than for Linux, but I've had no problem running Pebble on mine.
    • by blixel (158224) on Friday September 17 2004, @08:37PM (#10282187) Homepage
      Soekris boxes are exactly what you're looking for.

      I'll second that. I bought one of these about 6 months ago and it has been amazing. I plan on getting at least one more so I can have a highly customizable WAP.

      Check my little tutorial [davidcourtney.org] for more info. (Several pictures included.)

  • whoa! (Score:5, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday September 17 2004, @06:21PM (#10281319)
    You found a BSD chick? roxxor!
    • Re:whoa! (Score:5, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward on Friday September 17 2004, @06:32PM (#10281413)
      You found a BSD chick? roxxor!

      I happen to know there are some BSD chix out there. They like Star Trek, Star Wars, computer games, Dungeons and Dragons, and love wild sex. Unfortunately 90% of them are five foot two and weigh in at 250 pounds.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday September 17 2004, @06:22PM (#10281322)
    Move into an apartment with utilities included.

    AC 24/7, free electricity... It's like a server farm in here.
  • Mini ITX and CF (Score:3, Informative)

    by gbulmash (688770) * <{semi_famous} {at} {yahoo.com}> on Friday September 17 2004, @06:22PM (#10281323) Homepage Journal
    Saw a story at a home recording enthusiast site (sorry that I don't recall which) about using a Mini ITX mobo and a flash memory card instead of a HDD (I think they put knoppix on a 1gb CF) for a low-power, low-heat, nearly no noise solution for a recording studio.

    I guess the same solution would work for a low power home firewall & mail server, and have the added advantage of being really nice and quiet too.

    You could possibly sub a low power laptop HDD if you needed more storage space.

    Just a thought.
    • Re:Mini ITX and CF (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Carnildo (712617) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:25PM (#10281351) Homepage Journal
      Flash memory isn't a good storage solution for a mail server. If you've got any sort of traffic volume, you'll wear out the memory in a year or so.
        • Re:Mini ITX and CF (Score:5, Informative)

          by sPaKr (116314) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:50PM (#10281538)
          memory, daemon, spin up disk, cronjob ? jebus your cool. It only took you about 10 seconds to revinvent a shitty vfs layer in userspace. Shouldnt we just be able to tune the VFS for aggressive cacheing and let that spin up and down the disk as needed. I dont want to get into the softupdates Vs. journel issue, but really thats what you want.
          • Re:Mini ITX and CF (Score:5, Informative)

            by bobbozzo (622815) on Friday September 17 2004, @08:22PM (#10282108)
            Linux 2.6.6 and above kernels have a "Laptop Mode" which will only spin up the disk when necessary (read needed, or write buffers full).

            It's a sysctl variable...
            echo "1" > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode

            There's apparently also a userspace version if you don't want to upgrade your kernel.
            Google [google.com] has info on using both.
    • I second the mini itx idea (not sure about the CF). I have a Via Epia 533MHz box that works great for that kind of stuff.
      It's only 20 or 30 watts, and the only moving parts are a small, quiet fan and the hard drive (get an old 5400rpm drive for even less noise/power).
  • by fatjesus (703825) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:23PM (#10281326)
    http://www.mini-itx.com/
  • Old computers (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Carnildo (712617) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:23PM (#10281328) Homepage Journal
    I'm using an old P233 box as a server. It's not exactly a small box, but it doesn't draw much power. If you want a small form factor as well, look into VIA C3-based computers.
  • Slashdot (Score:3, Funny)

    by couldntthinkupagoodn (734614) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:24PM (#10281335)
    If you're planning on making the file server accessable from online, whatever you do, don't post the link. I've never heard of a slashdotted house before, but I can't imagine how hard it would be.
  • Via Motherboard (Score:3, Informative)

    by bluewee (677282) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:25PM (#10281346)
    I am using a Syntax Via 1200+ [syntaxusa.com] Motherboard with CPU From TigerDirect when they were having a sale(I came to 10$USD, I grabbed a small MicroATX case from NewEgg and it works beautifully, and is small and quiet. It kinda takes a while to emerge everything, yeah Gentoo user here :D. but it works great and does not use much power.
  • Mini-ITX variety (Score:5, Informative)

    by captnitro (160231) * on Friday September 17 2004, @06:26PM (#10281354)
    Mini-box [mini-box.com] make some neato little ITX boxes which you could hook up to any number of storage solutions. Past that, I've had good success with Mini-ITX [mini-itx.com] boards. I get the cases from Web-tronics [web-tronics.com], as the MITX ones are very, very expensive -- they're meant to make your MITX look like a CD player, pretty much, and I can do more without having to worry about cosmetics. MiniBox (above) sells snap-in MITX power supplies ranging from 60w to 200w. For the extra cool factor, use a Xenarc [xenarc.com] display or use something 'headless', e.g., LCDProc and Crystalfontz [crystalfontz.com]. (As I remember, the MiniBoxes come with their own little displays.)
  • by Darth Muffin (781947) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:26PM (#10281355) Homepage
    A used laptop might do what you want. You don't need an awful lot of power. If a laptop HDD is large enough for your storage needs, then look for a cheap used laptop on e-bay.

    Laptops are generally very efficient on power. And they come with their own screen too. In fact, I heard of one company that replaced all of it's desktops with Thinkpads and used power as the single justification (the computer takes less, the monitor takes less, and less heat generated requires less AC).

    • by Stevyn (691306) on Friday September 17 2004, @11:13PM (#10282968)
      Not a bad idea, but laptops don't like to be left on 24 hours a day. I would know. I have a dell inspiron 8200 and I keep this thing running all the time. I'm also on my third hard drive. I just keep the operating systems and programs on the laptop drive and all other data is on the external firewire drive. If you could get a USB drive that was powered by the laptop, that might be a safer solution.

      This is a good power saving alternative to a huge desktop, but I wouldn't trust my data to a laptop hard drive.
  • Old laptops... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by D-Cypell (446534) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:27PM (#10281359)
    I have several old laptops that I current run as servers. It seems that it is quite common for old laptop batteries to die and refuse to hold a charge. Suddenly, they become pretty decent servers if you set them up to remain running with the top closed.

    I suspect that you will find a few of these 'battery-less' laptop on ebay for a good price as the lack of mobility will really effect the asking price for a laptop. Snap them up and get all the cheap servers you will ever need.
    • Re:Old laptops... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by K8Fan (37875) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:16PM (#10281690) Journal

      Laptops with broken displays are even better. I have an old P3 laptop I use as a server, and I got it free. Sony charges $600 for ANY display repair, so it's literally not worth fixing. But the VGA output works fine, and I have it set up through a KVM switch. Viola! A 75 watt server. Tiny hard drive, but if it becomes a problem, I can just do externals.

      I'm thinking of taking the whole display off, thus making sure the lamps never come on, thereby reducing power drain even more.

  • by mark*workfire (220796) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:28PM (#10281365)
    I just got married, and my wife and I are putting together a home network in the (small) apartment we're now living in. We'd like to set up a firewall/mail server/small-file-server ....

    Dude, honestly, none of us believe you. You should have included a link to your marriage certificate and a picture of yourselves. People posting articles on Slashdot aren't married.

    Besides, you just got married, and your interested in the network ?????
  • Netwinder (Score:4, Interesting)

    by FatRatBastard (7583) <acentofanti@ya[ ].com ['hoo' in gap]> on Friday September 17 2004, @06:30PM (#10281388) Homepage
    Don't think you can buy them new (at least cheaply) but look for an old Netwinder. I got one on eBay a couple of years ago for abougt $150. Low power, two ethernet ports, easy to manage and small. Not a barn burner by any means, but for a firewall / file server / print server it works perfect.
  • by Saint Stephen (19450) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:30PM (#10281390) Homepage Journal
    Brother in law gave me an old gateway Pentium MMX 133, 32 mb ram, 4 gb HD. Put two pcmcia net cards in it, and put OpenBSD running PF. Perfect.
  • by kbahey (102895) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:30PM (#10281392) Homepage

    How about the NSLU2?

    It has been covered before on Slashdot [slashdot.org] and is hackable [tomsnetworking.com] just like the router you mentioned.

  • by nweaver (113078) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:33PM (#10281420) Homepage
    Get an older laptop, put a PCMCIA or USB ethernet to give you a second ethernet (connect that to the DSL/Cablemodem uplink).

    Low power: Obviously, laptops have to be low power.

    Low space: Laptops are small. Disable the "I've closed the lid" switch or get the *nix install to ignore it, fold it up, and slide it away.

    Low cost: I said OLD laptop.

    Built in UPS: Why do you think its called a "California Server"?
  • Openbrick (Score:5, Informative)

    by Scottaroo (461317) <scott&statzs,com> on Friday September 17 2004, @06:37PM (#10281442) Homepage
    Greetings:
    http://openbrick.org/ [openbrick.org] is a community of folks doing this kind of stuff. I have purchased a couple of boxes from a US distributor (http://www.hacom.net/ [hacom.net] and have been really happy. They have 3 ethernet ports, so they make great firewalls. We use CF cards for storage because we don't need the storage, but you can put little laptop harddrives in them, so you could make a file/print box if you wanted to. They'll boot off of a USB CD, so installation is a breeze. I run Debian, but have installed openbsd for kicks, also. They're cool enough that they don't need an internal fan, so they're quiet too.
    I have nothing but nice things to say about them. The US distributor only takes paypal, but he has always delivered without problems. He even called back to see if I liked it.
  • Two Things (Score:5, Informative)

    by Listen Up (107011) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:38PM (#10281446)
    1) Do a search for the power requirements of a modern computer (any time after the invention of APM). There are plenty of studies to be found, many of them at university websites. The average computer, when it is in standby mode, uses 35W or less. When an EPA Green monitor (almost every modern monitor on Earth) is in sleep mode they use less than 1W. So, you are trying to figure out how to use less electricity than the equivalent of a small nightlight? The first time you leave your electric oven on 350 degrees for about one minute longer than your buzzer went off (assuming it is heating at the time), you most likely just spent more electrical energy than an entire month of computer server usage on full power.

    2) Why are you trying to jack around buying proprietary solutions or exotic mini-computers for your needs? That's dumb as hell. My personal server at home is an old Dell P233 laptop I bought for $50. It sports 80MB of RAM, 100Mbit ethernet, and a 4GB HDD. It currently runs my Apache HTTP, SAMBA, SSHD, VNC, Postfix, and CUPS server and it is tucked away neatly on a shelf under my desk. It has been especially useful as my print server (since I have a wireless network) and MP3 SAMBA server. Power consumption? Please, this is a laptop and the power features have worked perfectly as they were intended to. Also, there has been no additional configuration with this system since its original installation outside of Linux OS security/bug/OS upgrades.
    • Re:Two Things (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Tim C (15259) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:25PM (#10281763)
      The average computer, when it is in standby mode, uses 35W or less.

      That's good to know, but what use is a server if it's in standby mode?

      The guy said he wants something on 24/7 - that to me implies accessible, especially as he mentions using it as a mail server.
  • by Bun (34387) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:42PM (#10281479)
    "We'd like to set up a firewall/mail server/small-file-server..."

    IMHO, putting all your servers on your firewall is just asking for trouble. For better security, you'd do best to have one of those Linksys firewall/routers separate from your mail/file/blah-blah server.
    • by Stinking Pig (45860) on Friday September 17 2004, @11:38PM (#10283060) Homepage
      Bull. Regurgitating general aphorisms blocks true understanding.

      This aphorism came about because it is undesirable to have one service hacked leading to access to all the other services and firewall configuration. Okay, this is an understandable situation and goal. Taken to its logical end, it clearly leads to one service per box, which is a good design model for a corporate enterprise with uptime and security as primary design goals.

      However, in a home network where service consolidation and low power utilization are the primary design goals, this additional layer of safety bears too high of a cost. Even if the servers are $50 laptops, six or seven of them stacked up are going to be noisy, heat-generating, continually failing little problems. That's probably okay if the goal is to learn how to manage a corporate enterprise, but now we're changing design goals midstream, never a good idea.

      With tools like chroot and automatically-handled patch management (urpmi, apt-get, &c), the risk of getting the whole server compromised by one service is reduced, down to what is an acceptable level for many. Once that's understood, we can evaluate the choice of firewall/router packages, and once we're doing that the power and flexibility of netfilter or pf blow any SOHO appliance out of the water. Proper logging, a good set of utilities... appliances are fine for use in networks where no one cares, I suppose, but I don't see why you would want one when a Linux or BSD box could be used instead.
  • What about a PDA? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Eldred (693612) on Friday September 17 2004, @06:44PM (#10281495)
    You could probably pick up an older Zaurus (Linux PDA) cheap. The 5500 I have can take both compact flash and SD/MMC Cards, and runs on a fraction of a watt. With a compact flash ethernet card you could connect it to pretty much any router. Just mark it as your DMZ, and the incoming traffic will be routed to it. All you need do is set up a mail server on the Zaurus, maybe a little custom compiling, and you're all set.
  • by 5n3ak3rp1mp (305814) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:10PM (#10281629) Homepage
    ...procuring a used laptop? Low power, and all the creature comforts of a full-fledged computer.

    (aside)
    But, I have to also say. I have NEVER even MET a woman who has HEARD of bsd. I had to argue with a Comcast Cable woman today who hadn't even heard of FireWire. I considered it a victory when I got my g/f to run Folding@Home. She was even game for Red Hat, but it was too difficult for her to find a wireless driver for the Thinkpad built-in 802.11... but hey, at least she tried!

    Here's to... if not geek, then geek-compatible women! love 'em.
  • Real computer (Score:5, Informative)

    by macdaddy (38372) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:22PM (#10281744) Homepage Journal
    Don't use a device like a LinkSys or some other device that requires a flash card for storage if you're planning on serving web pages or handling email. Proper handling of email is not simply take the incoming message and write it to disk once. Do you realize that Sendmail writes a transcript file (xf) that exists during the life of a session showing everything that happens during that session? Few people realize that. Spam and AV checking will also likely require at least part of the message to be written to disk prior to scanning. Now you can do a lot of this in memory but the memory in a WRT45G is going to be too limited to have a decent tmpfs partition to handle this.

    No offense, but what you need to use is something that's meant to handle the job: a real computer. You can build a low cost, quiet, power conservative computer for not that much money. The average computer consumes less than 100 watts of power when performing basic tasks. This review [techreviewer.com] gives you lots of details. So really the power consumption won't be a problem. Keep the number of internal devices low and you won't have much heat build up. Keep the heat low and you can do all sorts of fancy things with sound panels to absorb sound, thus fixing that problem. You sound like a person that really does need a home server, like myself and my servers. You can't go wrong with a real computer. Plus when something breaks (and of course it will) you have warranties to fall back on. You can also hop on newegg or run down to the corner Crap Shack and buy replacement parts. Try doing that with your jerry-rigged WRT54G. ;-)

  • Epia / Mini-ITX (Score:5, Informative)

    by The_DOD_player (640135) on Friday September 17 2004, @07:40PM (#10281859)
    Is the only way to do this IMO....

    I have the exact same in my closet. VIA-Epia Eden 533 MHz motherboard/cpu/network/vga package, fanless, a bit of RAM, a fluid bearing harddrive, Gentoo Linux... it rocks....
    - Barely consumes power ~30W
    - It's also almost silent.
    - It's very cheap.
    • Re:Epia / Mini-ITX (Score:5, Informative)

      by merlin_jim (302773) <James DOT McCrac ... ratapult DOT com> on Saturday September 18 2004, @02:04AM (#10283572)
      I'm also a proud Mini-ITX owner. I have the 800 MHz version with a small fan. Got a small 2.5" hard drive used (4 GB). Stick some RAM in there. I put mine in a Cubid 2766 box, which is very compact (it's far smaller in form factor than my VCR) and uses an efficient and quiet 12V DC powersupply; the AC power is rectified outside in a transformer brick that doesn't require active cooling.

      Prices (as I recall.... YMMV):

      800 Mhz EPIA... $100
      128 MB RAM... $40
      2.5" 4 GB HDD... $40
      16X DVD-ROM drive... $25 (eBay)
      mini-adapter for DVD-ROM... $10
      Case + DC-DC power supply... $60

      for a grand total of... $275. And it can double as a DVD / digital media player.

      BTW, I originally modded an acrylic cube to hold the computer. With no prior experience, I built a 7" cube to hold everything. I took it out because the power switches I used were difficult to press. I even used acrylic hinges. You can get just the power supply for $30.

      I didn't do it for e-mail though. MythTV baby, so you gotta throw in a $150 hardware capture card to be perfectly fair when quoting the price of my system as-is.
    • A possible problem with a laptop is fitting two ethernet ports in -- you need two if you're going to use it as a firewall. Older laptops usually don't have built-in ethernet, so you'd need to connect two PCMCIA cards, which might present space difficulties.