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Networking Operating Systems Software

Best TCP/IP Stack Implementation? 151

paultantk asks: "This mailing list suggests that the FreeBSD TCP/IP stack is sub-par. It was the best in the 90's, but not anymore. So the question is, which operating system now holds the title for the best TCP/IP stack implementation?"
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Best TCP/IP Stack Implementation?

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  • Best TCP-IP Stack? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by TripMaster Monkey ( 862126 ) * on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:22PM (#13196281)

    That's easy. Windows.

    mmm..mmmmm..mmmmMMHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!!

    Damn...couldn't keep a straight face. ^_^

    Seriously, though, if FreeBSD is no longer king of the mountain, my vote would have to go with NetBSD (it's always been the BSDs, hasn't it?), although the term "best" is rather open-ended, and subject to serious variations of interpretation. Perhaps before we set about answering this question, we ought to decide just what we mean by "best".
  • From TFA:

    Required for full three month are US$18,900 (15,600 or CHF24,000)

    26. July 2005: Pair Networks, pledged US$14,000 Thank you very much!

    Go Pair Networks!
    • It's not exactly altruism [netcraft.com].
      • by Uber Banker ( 655221 ) * on Friday July 29, 2005 @02:08PM (#13196725)
        Well... it is in that Pair Networks are far from the biggest network (webhosting, in their context) company, yet they are contributing something which will be released under the BSD licence, hence truely free... and will be of benefit to all both large and small. So yes it is alturism but in a form which also benefits themselves, as all great alturism should do (spreading good amongst all should benefit yourself, however directly or indirectly).

        So I say GO PAIR NETWORKS!
  • Otherwise known as Aurora.
  • ....zzzzzz*klunk* OW!

    I wonder if it's possible to sue Slashdot for posting an article summary so mind-numbingly dull that it caused some readers to fall asleep and hit their head on their desk...
  • Anybody know of a tird party TCPIP.SYS for Windows XP?

    Also the http://www.lvllord.de/ [lvllord.de] patch should be mentioned here. Does anybody have any information on how information for patches like this one (i.e. how to know that TCPIP.SYS was the file to patch and where to patch it) is acquired?
  • by cbiffle ( 211614 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:31PM (#13196345)
    I don't see how the linked document suggests the stack is sub-par. All it says is that the guy wants money to fund optimization, like PHK's done before.

    If the page started with "OMG Linux is fastar than us!" then, yes. But I don't see how you reached your conclusions based on this material.

    • From TFA:
      The TCP code now needs a general overhaul, streamlining and cleanup to make it easily comprehensible, maintainable and extensible again. In addition there are many little optimizations that can be done during such an operation, propelling FreeBSD back at the top of the best performing TCP/IP stacks again, a position it has held for the longest time in the 90's.
      Hope this helps.
      • The fundamental stupidity of this topic is the burried premise that you can go around and change your IP stack like a flavour of ice-cream. FreeBSD has *never* had a bad TCP/IP stack as far back as I know the history.

        The vast majority of what makes a great carbureted engine carries forward for the transition to fuel injection: precision tolerances, metalurgy, balance, lubricant flow, etc. But until the combustion chamber is reworked for fuel injection, it won't impress anyone. In case anyone hasn't figur
    • by m_chan ( 95943 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:51PM (#13196565) Homepage
      Agreed, I don't read that post to say that described the stack as "sub par".

      I did notice something interesting. If you look through the sponsorships he received, a significant amount ($14,000) was pledged was by Pair Networks [pair.com]. They are one of the larger hosting providers in the U.S. and hundreds FreeBSD servers at their data center in Pittsburgh. It is unlikely that they would grant 14 stacks of high society at something they did not research and find to be of direct benefit. I am not an employee of Pair, but I have been a customer for seven years.

      By the way, Pair's Mirrors [pair.com] are quite handy.
  • by johnjones ( 14274 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:38PM (#13196429) Homepage Journal
    you have to put things in context

    security ? - OpenBSD / NetBSD / Linux

    performance ? - MS Windows 2003 / Linux / FreeBSD
    (windows has been showen to support very nice acceleration card NAPI on linux has been showen 2.6 kernel slower than 2.4 at the recent kernel summit and freeBSD is still up there on exsisting hardware the rewrite is about supporting new models )

    Portability ? NetBSD / Linux / OpenBSD

    context is everything

    regards

    John Jones

  • AmiTCP or Miami.

    Nothing like paying for your tcp/ip stack, 15 years after the company who made your computer went out of business.
    • Oh, I don't know. The bsdsocket.library that came with the copy of Amiga Forever I bought two days ago seems to do pretty well, although I admit that borrowing the stack of the host machine probably made it pretty easy to write.
  • To compare, $6300 is roughly how much a person living on SSI disability in the U.S has to live on in a year. What really reeks is that in many areas in the U.S. many disabled people have an education of Associates Degrees or better but can't get the support they need to work or even find a job. Then sometimes there are no jobs in the area and there's no way to move or figure out where to move to.
    • If their so damn smart why can't they figure out a way to overcome?

      In other news, an Associates Degree doesn't qualify you to wipe butt for tips.

      And that $6300 a year? That's alot better than the previous $0, and of course they could have opted for disability insurance before they were disabled (assuming they weren't defective at birth).
  • by he1icine ( 512651 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:54PM (#13196599)
    In the good old days before OpenTransport and well before OSX, we had MacTCP. It was just fantastic.
    • Trumpet.
      Winsock.
      Dubs and Spinners Edition.
      Biatch.
    • Yeah, I loved entering IP addresses in decimal. It was so intuitive and simple to convert each octet to binary, then enter that as a single decimal integer.
  • Battle of the Stacks (Score:5, Interesting)

    by bjb ( 3050 ) * on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:58PM (#13196630) Homepage Journal
    OK, how quickly is this turning into one of the following:
    1. "my OS is better than yours, so therefore my stack is better".
    2. "I've got this obscure stack for my old/obsolete/obscure machine, so it r0x!"
    3. Linux, of course!
    4. OS X, of course!
    etc..

    I'd be interested in seeing WHY a stack is better, and this means real data or stories like performance numbers or efficiency observations, etc.

    On the other hand, machines built since 1998 have been fast enough and stacks have probably been optimized enough that we don't even notice anymore. For example, it was huge when Solaris 2.5.1 was replaced by Solaris 2.6; the stack was reworked because of "we're the dot in dot.com" web serving duties in 1997. However, those days people were still running SPARCstation 5/10/20's for their webs (read: 40MHz CPUs) and it made a difference. Today, your 500MHz+ CPUs don't really hiccup that much from stack inefficiencies. Sure, slashdot the darn box and you'll see some numbers, but the sites that are regularly hosting that kind of traffic are probably running heavier-duty machines.

    My rant, anyway :-)

    • by Alomex ( 148003 )

      I know for a fact that IBM looked into all available Linux compatible TCP/IP stacks in 2001 and found them incredibly defficient (including among its many flaws having to shift every byte sent du to improper word alignment!!). They went about rewriting the whole thing. I don't know if the mods were ever made public, though.

    • Today, your 500MHz+ CPUs don't really hiccup that much from stack inefficiencies.

      People's expectations have risen as well -- if you read a kernel mailing list, you'll see people posting things like "My machine has 5 gigabit ethernet cards installed and I can't saturate all the links simultaneously while routing the packets and encrypting them! OMG!!!"
    • It does still matter, Sun recommends 1GHz of CPU (UltraSPARC IV, not P4 which is less effective clock for clock) per 1Gb/s of network IO. Given multiple gigabit interfaces (they do a nice quad GE card now), or even 10Gb/s interfaces, that's a lot of CPUs just to feed the bandwidth...and this assumes all you are doing is chucking out the data, any encryption or data manipulation CPU power required is on top of this. That is why Sun is reworking (has reworked?) their already pretty good stack, and putting in
  • by bofkentucky ( 555107 ) <bofkentucky.gmail@com> on Friday July 29, 2005 @01:58PM (#13196632) Homepage Journal
    Solaris 10's new stack is supposed to be the new top dog of the TCP/IP world.
  • What the heck is this guy spending money on? Ok, I don't live in switzerland, but I manage to get by on $1000 US per month here in the US. I work, go to school, commute, and have bills like the rest of the world.

    I want to know what he's spending that much money on.

    • In most US states, about 50% would go towards various federal state and local taxes. The rest rapidly gets eaten us by food, fuel, housing, etc.

      When you start making good money, its harder to live on less. When I was in college, I lived on a total of about $300/mo including rent, food, booze and entertainment. Now... its probably closer to $3000/mo for my wife and I.

      • Now... its probably closer to $3000/mo for my wife and I.

        Holy god, man -- what are you spending it on, and where? I live a -very- comfortable life on $1800/month, living in an apartment in Boston. I don't drive a BMW or go out to eat every day, but I could pare that down by about 50% if I wasn't paying student loans.

        • Expenses always grow to match income ... Also I'm sure none of the above responders have kids, pay mortgages, support aging parents, etc etc
          • Expenses always grow to match income

            No, they grow to match your lifestyle. If you're living comfortably on $1000/mo and get a new job making $2000/mo, your utility companies don't magically find out and start charging you more. Your car payment or insurance premium doesn't automatically go up. Your taxes do, but that's it. If you don't make any changes to your lifestyle, you are not paying more in expenses. In fact, with the extra money you can pay off debts sooner, which means you'll be paying less interes
            • My experience has been that when people make less than the given cost of living in their area, they live a similar lifestyle, but without any type of insurance, are also forced to drive illegally because it's costly to keep a cheap car up to spec.

              When I first moved out of my parent's house, I moved in with two twentysomething women sharing a one-bedroom basement apartment for $500/month, they needed a third person so they could keep their (shared) car running.
        • It's not difficult for expenses to add up.

          High (est) Estimate
          Rent: $1500
          Car Payment: $600 (or two @ $300)
          Car Insurance: $300
          Gasoline: $250 (SUV)
          Utilities: $200
          Broad(band): $50
          Food: $800 (eat out more)
          Entertainment: $500
          Student Loans: $200
          Total: $4400

          High(er) Estimate
          Rent: $1200
          Car Payment: $300 (nothing expensive)
          Car Insurance: $100
          Gasoline: $100
          Utilities: $200
          Broad(band): $50
          Food: $400
          Entertainment: $250
          Total: $2600

          Low Estimate:
          Rent: $600
          Car Payment: $0 (it's paid off)
          Gasoline: $100
          Utilities: $150
          Broad(ban
          • Do people really pay $100 a month for gasoline?

            I've never driven a car, so I don't really know, but I always thought public transportation was "more expensive" than driving. I pay $75 a month (in Chicago), but people in the suburbs can pay nearly $200 a month on train fare alone. Does this end up being cheaper than gas?
            • Do people really pay $100 a month for gasoline?

              Easily. With a 36-mile commute (1-way), 30MPG car, and gas at $2.30/gal, that's $110/month just for getting to and from work. Add in after-work and weekend driving, and there's $150. Of course most people have shorter commutes so $100 is probably a closer total for a month.

              I think public transit is often less expensive than owning a car (buying the car, gas, insurance, taxes, maintainence) but it gives you a lot more flexibility. Here (Boston), the train

            • I live in Saskatoon, Canada.

              For me, it's roughly (monthly):

              Rent: 300$
              Car payment: 0 (I buy cars for 1,000$ in cash transactions).
              Gas during the winter: 180$ (-40C means I drive everywhere)
              Gas during the summer: 50$ (I bike, only driving to get groceries and misc items).
              Car insurance: 50$
              Internet and utils: 150$
              Phone: 50$ (cell phone, no landline)
              Food: 120$

              A bus pass is about 60$/month. The insurance is a fixed, base cost on a car, while the gas is usage based. This means my transportation is 200$/month i
              • Yeah, if you play your cards right, Saskatoon living can be really cheap.

                Rent: $325
                Food: $150ish (I usually try to eat well)
                Car/Gas costs: $0
                Internet: $20

                I live across the street from the university. Work there in the summer, study there in the fall, winter and spring. I mooch off my next door neighbour for rides to go get food, since he usually needs to get food too...

            • I pay $40(CDN)/week on gas with gas prices where they are now.
              (Actually, it's closer to 5*$40/month).

            • I figure that I spend about $125/month on gasoline, and I drive the smallest car I could afford (a Ford Focus).

              Gas costs about $2.40/gallon here now, and I've got an eleven-gallon tank that gets thirsty about once a week, sometimes more.

              It's not the gas that gets you though, at least in my area. I pay $125/mo for the car itself, $125/mo on gas, $80/mo on maintainance (aggregated), and a whopping $240 for insurance. The sad thing is
            • I spend over $200 a month in gas (but I drive 160 miles a day, round trip, to work and back).
        • Mortgage+PropertyTaxes: $1300/mo
          Two car payments (36mo): $600
          Food: $450
          Gas: $250
          Misc: $400

          We really don't live a lavish lifestyle... no fancy furniture or plasma TVs. We've paid off the student loans and have no credit card debt.

          The house is by far the biggest expense. We have a nice house, but it was owned by old folks and needs alot maintenance.
        • OK. I'm in an apartment just outside of Boston. Here's my breakdown:

          $750 - rent
          $100 - utilities (aggregated and averaged)
          $125 - car payment
          $250 - car insurance payment (WTF Massachusetts!)
          $125 - gasoline!
          $200 - retirement fund contribution
          $75 - data services (broadband, vonage, etc.)
          $50 - health/dental insurance contribution
          ---
          $1675 - total so far

          I haven't even included a bunch of other little things, these are all my 'mostly inflexible' costs. Bear in mind that in those numbers I haven't had anything to
      • Well there are things like this.
        Mortgage with Taxes and insurence for me is 1000 a month.
        Home maintenance is about 100 a month
        2 cars I am paying 600 a month
        GAS and Maintenance about 100 a month.
        Food about 200 a month
        Things like clothing etc are around 50 a month

        So all in all that is a little over 2000 a month for me. Luckally My house is a 3 family appartment so I get rent for the other 2 units. So that essenctilly cuts my mortgage to 100 a month. But still many of these bills are paying off dept.

      • Whatever. When I (voluntarily) left my six-figure/year tech job to enlist in the Army National Guard and return to college, I took a paycut that left me with exactly 10% of my previos pay.

        Yes, it was a bit of a shock but I got along just fine. In fact, I was happier than I'd ever been. No, I couldn't drive a shiny new car any longer, nor could I live in a swank 2-bedroom condo but I have enough money to get by and pay my bills.

        Now that I'm out of college, I live in $2000 take-home/month and pay $800/mont
        • Why should a developer capable of re-writing a TCP stack be making a subsistence living?

          I could quit my job, move into a crappy apartment in the ghetto, sell my car to drive a '91 Civic and get a job at Starbucks or whatever.

          But why? The work I do is worth alot to my employer, we have a 15 year home loan and modest late model cars. I'd like to keep my kids out of public school and live debt free. What's wrong with that?

        • You dumbshit. What the hell would possibly convince you to voluntarily leave a 6 figure job to join the national guard? If it was college money, you could have saved an amount equal to what they are going to give you in the entire 8 years you have to enlist in about 2 months (Yes, no matter what they tell you, all enlistments to the military are for 8 years). An then you wouldn't risk dying in Iraq for no good reason. And you wouldn't have to wear a silly looking and uncomfortable uniform that is highly
      • In most US states, about 50% would go towards various federal state and local taxes.

        Outside of places like New York City, San Francisco, Miami and some of the surrounding areas, I can't think of any where in the US where 50% of my income goes to federal state and local taxes (at the $6300/mo number, at least). Sure, if I'm in a top-tier income level I might be paying 40% to state and federal (and in Yonkers of NYC an additional city income tax), but even $6300/mo gross doesn't push me to that point.

        • Even in a smaller city or suburb, if you own a home property taxes can end up costing you 7-15% of your income.

          You can deduct property taxes from your income taxes, of course, but it adds up. A 3bed/1bath in Nassau County, NY often pays around $16,000 in taxes. Outside of the NYC area, a typical 3bed/1.5bath house in a decent neighborhood of a distressed upstate city like Schenectady pays $4,000-$5,000 (on an assessed value of ~$65,000).

          I'm not even factoring in sales & excise taxes, which are very sign
          • a typical 3bed/1.5bath house in a decent neighborhood of a distressed upstate city like Schenectady pays $4,000-$5,000 (on an assessed value of ~$65,000).

            You are joking, aren't you? Aren't you? Good God, man; that's insane. I pay $2500 on ~$195,000 and thought I was getting ripped off. My father-in-law lives in Buffalo, NY, and is always going on about all the "free" services that he gets from the gov'ment like trash pickup. I have to pay to have my trash hauled, but since I guess I'm saving about $1

            • I wish I was. Schenectady is a bad example... its like New York's Detriot.

              In the 50's it had a population of about 120,000 the main General Electric plant, GE Corporate HQ and a railroad locomotive factory. GE alone employed 50,000, mostly skilled tradesmen. Today GE Power Systems is barely running with about 2,500 folks.

              I live in a suburb of Albany, and my school & property taxes are just under $5,000/yr. I pay for garbage and water too.

              Why so high?

              States like NY have high taxes because of numerous and
    • Probably opportunity cost. If he wasn't working on the FreeBSD TCP/IP stack, he could be earning as much as $6300 a month.
  • by phoenix_rizzen ( 256998 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @02:09PM (#13196735)
    All the transmission throughput speed records are held by NetBSD. Hence, it should be fairly obvious which TCP/IP stack is the best. :) Okay, maybe not the best, but definitely the fastest.
  • The linux network stack sure ain't it. Anytime I run a connection-hungry p2p program, particularly the edonkey type, it munches so much network resources everything else starts failing to establish connections. Damn nuisance!
    • I'd like to see this, actually.

      Which version of the kernel? 2.4? 2.6?

      I've had this behavior before, but it turned out to be the D-Link firewall/router in front of the box dropping the connections. Windows XP wouldn't push the router hard enough, but a very similar program on Linux would.

      When W32/Nachi came out, this was a common problem under Windows, as it would push these little routers to the point that TCP connections would routinely time out. Anyone who's DSL mysteriously "stopped working" (when it
      • 2.6 although I think it happened before with 2.4 (not sure though).

        Could well be the router - I have an ethernet based router in front of my ADSL. I don't think it's so simple as connections piling up, though, for 2 reasons. First, I often do other stuff that could be expected to pile them up (eg: usiong "linky" extension in firefox to open 50 webcomics in tabs all at once), and this doesn't exhibit the same problem. Second, I try to turn down the settings (connections at once, connections per time, bandwid
        • ADSL stands for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line.
          Asymmetrical being the important part. When you are uploading you can't download and vice-versa. The switching between these two modes is unnoticeable at low usage, but as it increases your connection will start to crawl. This is especially noticeable on a system where you download a ton of files and then ssh into a remote system. you'd notice a big lag on the ssh connection...
          • er, hate to break it to you, but the 'asymmetric' part of ADSL refers to the mismatch in speed between download and upload; it has nothing to do with whether the link is half-duplex (data moves in one direction at a time) or full-duplex (data moves in both directions at the same time).
          • Asymmetrical being the important part. When you are uploading you can't download and vice-versa.The switching between these two modes is unnoticeable at low usage, but as it increases your connection will start to crawl. This is especially noticeable on a system where you download a ton of files and then ssh into a remote system. you'd notice a big lag on the ssh connection...

            If you're saturating your upstream, you can't efficiently ACK your downloads -- which kills throughput. It's not an issue until you
        • If your 50 webcomics in tabs all are on the same server, they won't be downloaded at the same time in a gazillion connections, but after each other. At least if your browser is even close to standard compliance, and FF is...

      • Also consider the duty cycle, if your PC is sending out packets all in one go then maybe some of them get dropped by the router even though the avereage kb/s is without the bounds of your link.

        I came across a project a while ago that sent thernet pause frames in between (which the router should drop) in order to space out the data to avoid overrunning the router buffer.

        I wish I could remember what it was.

        Sam
    • Something wrong happens with your computer. This should be fixed. I run network-intensive applications (incl. gnutella ultrapeer) on my Linux box without any problems.
    • I had this very same problem until I replaced my Netgear MR814 with a Linksys WRT54G.

    • Let me guess - you're using an asymmetric connection (e.g. ADSL).

      Your downstream bandwidth is limited by your upstream bandwidth in corner cases - TCP/IP rate limiting works based on the time between ACKs. If your P2P program is using up all of your upstream bandwidth, then you may find that everything else is failing. Try throttling your P2P app to 80% or so of your available bandwidth, and see if that makes a difference. Also, consider using OpenBSD's ALTQ framework (now ported to FreeBSD and NetBSD)

      • No, the odd thing is that it isn't using all the bandwidth. Looking at the network monitors in and out on my KDE taskbar, the state of wedged-ness causes them both to show low activity, as though it were some sort of a resource-exhaustion deadlock.
  • Windows Vista? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by RzUpAnmsCwrds ( 262647 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @02:28PM (#13196902)
    No, seriously. Vista apparently has a completely rewritten network stack that's supposed to build on the work done with Windows Server 2003 (offloading work to network hardware, primarily) and was designed for IPv6 from the ground up.
    • Fully rewritten = not proven to work yet. Maybe after it is out for a while it will be worthy of consideration, but something is a product that is only just available as a beta doesn't qualify.

  • Best OS? (Score:3, Funny)

    by Evro ( 18923 ) * <evandhoffman.gmail@com> on Friday July 29, 2005 @02:59PM (#13197207) Homepage Journal
    Since the TCP/IP stack is only as good as the operating system it's attached to, why don't we come right out and determine, once and for all, the best operating system ever created? I think this will be a grand, insightful discussion, completely devoid of flames.
  • by hubertf ( 124995 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @03:43PM (#13197673) Homepage Journal
    Without knowing how to measure the "best" stack, the question doesn't make a lot of sense.

    But maybe the fact that NetBSD twice made the Internet2 land speed record holds for something, handling ~6GBit/s from host to host on a production network. See link to more data [feyrer.de].

    There are also a number of products which use the NetBSD stack: Sony PSP [feyrer.de] (other link) [feyrer.de], Avocent KVM-over-IP switches [netbsd.org], QNX uses NetBSD's IP stack [feyrer.de], there are several switches sold by IBM and HP that use NetBSD [feyrer.de], many network access points and smaller routers, etc.

    See the BSDrouter [bsdrouter.org] homepage for more data.

    Dunno if that makes the stack good, but at least it seems to get used.


    - Hubert

  • With the uIP [www.sics.se] stack. As long as best is defined as: small with a BSD licence :)
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday July 29, 2005 @05:08PM (#13198400)
    Without a doubt, DragonFlyBSD has the best TCP/IP stack. It already has all the RFC improvements that Andre wants to add. It has a correct working SACK implementation. DragonFlyBSD is a more stable faster version of FreeBSD. Why would anyone want to pay money to do what's already in DragonFlyBSD? I would encourage any FreeBSD user to just upgrade to DragonFlyBSD.
  • Cisco. Duh.

  • by TTK Ciar ( 698795 ) on Friday July 29, 2005 @08:50PM (#13199681) Homepage Journal

    To me the best network stack is one that can handle many simultaneous open sockets without problems. Performance is of secondary importance after robustness. I understand a stack will at least stall out when it tries to do more than the hardware can support, but it should pick right back up where it left off when sufficient resources are available again.

    I love Linux, and I've standardized on it as my platform of choice, but I have run into some problems with 2.4's network stack when >1000 sockets were simultaneously open and active, problems that don't go away until the system is rebooted. I've devised workarounds, but I'd rather not.

    I still need to stress-test 2.6 .. been putting it off because I don't trust early minor-revision releases, they tend to be buggy. But from what I've read it's about ready for consideration.

    But is there something better? What is the most scalable, reliable TCP/IP stack out there? Is there something that will let me open 10,000 sockets and hammer at them all at once without coming apart like wet tissue paper?

    Since I'm going to be stress-testing 2.6, I'll probably do FreeBSD and Solaris10 at the same time. Does anyone have other contenders to suggest? Not necessarily something that screams like a mofo on one socket or five, but rather something that will never, ever misbehave.

    -- TTK

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