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Microsoft

Microsoft's CLR - Providing a Break from HW Vendors? 514

eyefish asks: "Is Microsoft's Common Language Runtime CLR (document in PDF form) really a way for Microsoft to slowly stop depending on hardware vendors like Intel to drive the Windows platform, and in the long run as a way to build a hardware-independent Windows platform to fight Java? I'd like to ask the Slashdot community what their thoughts are on this matter. Is there something preventing the CLR from being truly platform independent, now or in the future? How does it compare to the Java Virtual Machine?"

"It seems to me that once the CLR has matured enough, there won't be a need for Microsoft to wait for others to innovate on the hardware front and start offering its own hardware (and charge whatever it wants for it) to go with future versions of Windows.Net. Worst still, 99.99% of the population will not be able to say no to this strategy since they'll have no choice but continue using the Windows monopoly in order to run their favorite apps."

Jamie comments: I don't think it's about hardware innovation, or beating Java. It's about absolute control.

The big money over the next decade will be in transforming the computer into an entertainment device. AOL Time-Warner sees a computer as a revenue producer, with the unfortunate ability to copy digital works. They and the other five media giants want to put a stop to it; Microsoft and Intel will find it very profitable to help them.

One good step along the way is to give the computer a common interpreted language to run everything. We're there already. And when developers have to code to a virtual machine, not the actual bare iron, then whoever writes the virtual machine holds all the cards. And since the authors of the virtual machine will make a lot of money by enforcing intellectual property rights, the arms races are all over: copy protection is absolute, DeCSS won't compile, unauthorized MP3s won't play.

Of course developers rarely write on the bare metal anyway: we write to APIs, we write scripts, we write code that doesn't (need to) run in the CPU's supervisor mode. We're used to surrendering the ultimate control over the machine to the operating system, or to be more precise, to the BIOS that decides how and which operating system to run.

If we surrender this control, though, we'll find ourselves with a monopoly operating system that makes it impossible freely to write code for. (And it's not hard to cut off Linux and every other rogue free OS at the knees. The day that every motherboard's BIOS uses strong crypto to demand the master boot record be signed with a secret key known only to Microsoft is the day that Linux becomes a thing of the past.)

Naturally, to prevent you from firing up GCC and doing a rogue compilation of DeCSS or Lame or other unauthorized code, the operating system will have to stop you from running anything that isn't written in its language for its virtual machine. Requiring code to be signed by a central authority will make its first appearance as virus-prevention but its real purpose too will be control. Universities will be able to buy special licensed exemptions, at least until corporations decide universities are hotbeds of piracy and theft. At which point your alma mater begins teaching Computer Science 101 (and 201, and 301, and 401) in C#.

My prediction is that, unless antitrust legislation in the U.S. gets some teeth between now and then, the PC will become a Gameboy within fifteen years. Enjoy computers while they last.

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Microsoft's CLR - Providing a Break from HW Vendors?

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  • Paranoia (Score:4, Insightful)

    by easter1916 ( 452058 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:29PM (#2826598) Homepage
    The day that every motherboard's BIOS uses strong crypto to demand the master boot record be signed with a secret key known only to Microsoft is the day that Linux becomes a thing of the past.
    Please, spare me the paranoia. That's like saying, the day author X murders all other authors is the day we all start reading author X. It could happen, but is it likely?
    • Re:Paranoia (Score:2, Interesting)

      by Daemonik ( 171801 )
      Hey, due to licensing deals MS has made with all the major PC manufacturers, you will never see a dual boot consumer PC direct from the factory. Tying the BIOS to a crypto key wouldn't be that far of a stretch especially in the era of DMCA.
    • Is it likely? Sure.

      I mean are we being paranoid? There is the California case. There is WPA, change hardware, gotta re-register. There are too many things to list here.

      This case with the BIOS and MBR might not be the way they do it, but there will be a way. Microsoft will claim not to be a monopoly, because there are other hardware vendors [besides MS] which other operating systems can run.

      What is happening is the a great bastardization of computing as a hobbie.

      • Re:Paranoia (Score:4, Interesting)

        by skotte ( 262100 ) <iamthecheeze@nospam.gmail.com> on Saturday January 12, 2002 @06:03AM (#2828047) Homepage
        What is happening is the a great bastardization of computing as a hobbie

        this is true. but i believe that is becoming a thing of the anyway. the newer machines just arent as interesting (speed aside). they come prepacked with anything you could want, if you didnt get it, it's either on a suse disc, or a warez site somewhere. (you know, whimsically speaking)

        plus i just dont think theres that many 12 year olds who are coming along and saying "hey! i want to build an OS!" it's ... just a thing of the past.

        (which is a shame, yes, cos inovators are what this world thrives on. more to you if you are doing something really ambitious!)
    • Re:Paranoia (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Supa Mentat ( 415750 )
      I disagree with the reason you dismiss what he said. It isn't _too_ paranoid to suggest that MS could run all the other current companies that do business in the computer industry into bankruptcy or make them unimportant. So yeah, author X could possibly kill all the other authors (no I don't really think it's going to happen). The reason it wouldn't matter if author X killed the other authors is because that would also be the day that new authors were born. Maybe not in the form of new companies but perhaps in the form of open source coders. I can't see _everyone_ taking a monopoly of that magnitude in stride. The day author MS kills all the other author Suns, IBMs, Intels, and so forth, could be open source's greatest day.
      • If that happened... (Score:3, Interesting)

        by J.C.B. ( 141141 )
        ...the DOJ would have to intervene, and push for a breakup (and not settle for anything less). It would have a Standard Oil type monopoly on the computer business.

        Now Microsoft is smart, and I think they learned their lesson somewhat. They're not going to do anything blantantly monopolisitic like requireing all BIOSes to only be able to boot windows. They don't want to have to deal with another antitrust case, and they, and they surely don't want the DOJ to have killer arguments like, "Now, no new computer can run anything but Microsoft Windows," and, "All software on a Windows system must now be signed by Microsoft, thus giving Microsoft absolute control over the software industry." A case like this would make the current antitrust trial look insignifigant in comparison.


        Oh yeah, IANAL.

    • Re:Paranoia (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Linux_ho ( 205887 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:46PM (#2826998) Homepage
      For all you paranoids, I would like you to introduce something known as the FREE MARKET.
      The day that every motherboard's BIOS uses strong crypto to demand the master boot record be signed with a secret key known only to Microsoft
      Come ON. Microsoft will not start artificially limiting what hardware it's product will run on. Why would they? That would be like throwing away customers!

      And why would hardware manufacturers start doing this otherwise? Customer pressure? If anything, limiting their BIOS in this way would dramatically LOWER the value of their BIOS! Think about it, if 75% of motherboards had this restriction, would you pay extra for one of the 25% that didn't? Sure! Would my company's CIO pay a little extra for the hundreds of machines she buys? Yes, she wouldn't buy machines that are limited to only running Windows. Would Joe blow care? Probably not, but it would matter to enough people to drive the value of these crypto-limited BIOSes down, and hardware companies wouldn't risk that.

      So what other possible paranoid ranting could one come up with that could make this scenario possible... Hmm... How about if Microsoft bought themselves the US Congress and made it a law? That's it! The government that sued them for antitrust violations is going to turn around and heavy-handedly enforce a complete, 100% monopoly! Yeah!

      Jeez, where do people get the idea that Slashdot is a haven for unthinking anti-microsoft zealots?
      • And why would hardware manufacturers start doing this otherwise? Customer pressure?
        Windows doesn't run on an awful lot of hardware. Would it be that tough for Microsoft to make it not work on a certain brand of motherboard?
      • Re:Paranoia (Score:3, Interesting)

        by dpilot ( 134227 )
        >Come ON. Microsoft will not start artificially limiting what hardware it's product will run on. Why would they?
        >That would be like throwing away customers!

        Because Microsoft always takes the long view, and are willing to throw away money in the short term. Look at their products - they are pretty much always the best short-term decision to make.

        >And why would hardware manufacturers start doing this otherwise? Customer pressure? If anything, limiting their BIOS in this way would dramatically LOWER the value of their
        >BIOS! Think about it, if 75% of motherboards

        Not so. The purpose of BIOS is to get you far enough to start Windows. (in most peoples' view) If a crippled BIOS somehow made the system cheaper to support or manufacture, they'd do it in a heartbeat.

        That's why widescale Linux preloads are not going to happen - it increases manufacturing cost by introducing another process flow. Even dual-boot introduces another process step - and increases cost. This is worse than a basic chicken-and-egg problem, because there's no room anywhere for the baby chick.

        One possible way out of this Catch-22 would be to enable Linux as a better manufacturing platform than Windows. Enable it as a diagnostic program, essentially. Then it becomes a valuable part of the manufacturing flow, and Windows becomes simply something you stick on for the customer, instead of an integral part of the build.
      • Re:Paranoia (Score:4, Interesting)

        by dublin ( 31215 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @10:41AM (#2828393) Homepage
        Come ON. Microsoft will not start artificially limiting what hardware it's product will run on. Why would they? That would be like throwing away customers!

        If that's true, they've been doing it for years. God od your homework before you post: Microsoft already has almost total control over the way that PCs work, right down to specifying in their hardware standards what the behavior of the power switch should be.

        They've used the PC9x (I don't know what they're calling them now) stndards to bludgeon all the major computer makers into building hardware the Microsoft way, and guess what? Pretty much all the clones and motherboards then follow suit, so that they're capable of running Windows with some degree of stability, too.

        If you don't think Microsoft has what amounts to 100% control of low-level PC hardware, just take the time to go to their WinHEC conference and notice that nearly every BIOS designer and many of the hardware engineering staff of all the computer and motherboard makers are there, dutifully taking pages of notes on what amounts to their orders for the year.

        Not only is this not far fetched, you don't even realize they've been doing it for years now. And there's a simple reason why it's about 100% effective: Comply or die - if those companies want to avoid paying several times more for the OS on the machines they sell (which obliterates the margin on a modern PC and puts them upside down), they must comply withthe Windows hardware standards as part of their OS purchase contract with MS. If you don't believe this strategy works, take a look around and try to find an AST computer these days - they tried to stand up to MS a few years back, refusing to let MS design their hardware, and MS nearly bankrupted them: I've been told that it was cheaper for them to go into a store and buy the OS than accept the terms MS offered them under "non-compliance".

        If you care at all about the future of the PC, go to WinHEC (they are starting to have to listen somewhat to the backlash) to find out understand what they're trying to do, and learn what you and others can do about it. Knowledge is power here - so far, only trivial numbers of us have refused to buy poisoned hardware. (The last time I checked they were trying to *eliminate* the BIOS, replacing it with a simpler set of lookup tables for resources, which of course would have to be "secured" at some point in the future, but I've been out of this for a couple of years now...)
    • Re:Paranoia (Score:4, Insightful)

      by ftobin ( 48814 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:59PM (#2827042) Homepage

      Please, spare me the paranoia. That's like saying, the day author X murders all other authors is the day we all start reading author X. It could happen, but is it likely?

      Time warp back 10 years

      Please, spare me the paranoia. That's like saying, the day the maker of wordprocessor X murders all other wordprocessor makers is the day we all start using wordprocssor X. It could happen, but is it likely?

      Fill in the blanks: X=, X.maker=

    • Re:Paranoia (Score:4, Informative)

      by spongman ( 182339 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @10:15PM (#2827287)
      The funny thing is that Microsoft has already patented exactly this [theregister.co.uk]
  • by pokeyburro ( 472024 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:30PM (#2826603) Homepage
    While I absolutely despise the approach Microsoft takes toward software development, I can safely say they won't ever get "absolute control" over it. Yeah, they're big, they're rich, they're formidable, but they're also bumbling and very error-prone, as we all know from leaked e-mails, virus reports, etc.

    The worst thing I see happening is a sort of class society, with Microsoft developing code for its circle of businesses, and everybody else in a sort of underground. Black market code, if you will. I very seriously doubt that things will come to, say, Microsoft getting the USGovt to pass a law forbidding software development by unlicensed, uncertified developers, and then fixing the game so only Microsoft developers can be easily certified.
    • As long as those that want 'absolute control' I think that the underground will always thrive. That's the purpose of the underground : a mechanism for fighting the power for want of a better word.

      There will always be hackers as well as the hardware techies. To stop these guys would invariably involve systematically wiping them out i.e. DEATH!

    • I remember reading something a while ago about Microsoft providing a mechanism where you can configure Windows to only allow Signed Applications to run, for use in a Corporate Environment where the IT dept doesn't want anyone to run anything.

      So they've already started :(
  • Running Windows under a VM is probably the best way for Micro$oft to ensure that Windows will get slower as hardware gets faster.
  • Bus isn't that about what the WinNT HAL was supposed to do? It *did* facilitate porting to Alpha, MIPS, and PowerPC as well as the expected x86 architectures. (That is, until MS decided they didn't want to support more than one architecture.)

    I assume a lof of that capability is still around under the hood. The old NT way of porting required a recompile, with an intermediary code step (like java's JVM language) it shouldn't really be too hard for MS to implement.
    • Re:Pardon me... (Score:2, Insightful)

      by ADRA ( 37398 )
      That was only for the OS. The code was still tied to the architecture it was compiled for.

      Back in the NT 4.0 days, you would always see differente downloads for every architectiure that program / driver / patch decided to support.
      • Re:Pardon me... (Score:2, Informative)

        With clever packaging and moving the compile stage into a two-step process, the same result could be rather duplicated, I imagine. The Win32 api has been shown on all the mentioned architectures, with the only real difference being a crappy monolithic executable format.
      • That was only for the OS. The code was still tied to the architecture it was compiled for.

        I thought there was also an x86 emulator, to run non-native code?
      • the executable (PE) is tied to the hardware, yes, but it's reasonably easy to write portable win32 code. as far as i remember the most important thing for the risc machines is to ensure that your DWORDs are DWORD-aligned (to prevent software alignment exceptions). You can also write code that'll compile on both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures, although you have to be careful with your pointer types.
  • by jtotheh ( 229796 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:32PM (#2826612)
    Why is control of the only layer that makes a difference evil when done by M$oft but innovative when done by Sun and Netscape?
    (Java, the browser as a platform (see Judge Jackson's findings of fact) I have to admit that M$ is not being so obvious of their intentions, if that is what they are.
  • Why design new hardware-independent platforms? Instead, big companies should try to hold each other's hands and use the existing ones, and improve them. Few good standards can't hurt anybody, can they?

    Alas; the fight for power seems to distract big companies from thinking consumers' (and their customers') best. Instead, they all stare at their own navels.

    I just wish this huge gap between Sun and Microsoft wouldn't exist, and they would work in cooperation to develop something like Java-Windows (huh, what a totally pervert thought, actually ;)). Although, as witnessed, Java is a bit too slow, even for a simple Office application (my Linux dual Celeron with 256 megs swap all the time with StarOffice). Well, atleast they would get the usability issues fixed!
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Getting all languages to link does not need an interpreted pseudomachine infrastructure. All it takes is a calling standard that the compilers all use and an object language that allows things to be linked. VMS has had this for decades. It is convenient, but hardly revolutionary for Microsoft to finally be doing something that VMS was doing in 1976, and is doing still on the world's (arguably) fastest iron (Alpha).

    The calling standard approach gives NO slowdown, and reduces code entropy slightly. I would be amazed if Microsoft used an interpretive approach, since that typically costs orders of magnitude in speed, and their code bloat already penalizes them grossly.
  • by Dilly Bar ( 23168 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:35PM (#2826648)
    1. Who spends more money? Businesses or consumers? Businesses. Why the hell would MS want to transform a device for doing work into an entertainment machine? It just doesn't make sense. Think of it this way: Businesses buy pens, not crayons. I bet you see a lot more pens sold.

    2. The CLR is just a collection of library code that developers can use or choose not to use. Think STL for many different languages. Already the CLR has support for many languages.

    3. An evil empire built by Microsoft does not really benefit them in the long run. Microsoft is in the business of making money, not taking over the world.

    I would expect to see a story with FUD like this in the Weekly World News next to Bat Boy's latest adventure, not in a respectable technical publication.
    • 2. The CLR is just a collection of library code that developers can use or choose not to use. Think STL for many different languages. Already the CLR has support for many languages.


      Choose? M$ doesn't give you a choice.

      3. An evil empire built by Microsoft does not really benefit them in the long run. Microsoft is in the business of making money, not taking over the world.


      No, they don't want to 'take over the world' they want to take over the OS, computer, consumer device, media and content, media and content delivery, media protection, and Internet business[es]. Bill Gates' dream is to have you buying everything from them except groceries.

      See the above point I made. They are in the business of making money by taking your choices away.

    • I would expect to see a story with FUD like this in the Weekly World News next to Bat Boy's latest adventure, not in a respectable technical publication.

      Huh? No, this is Slashdot...

    • 3. An evil empire built by Microsoft does not really benefit them in the long run. Microsoft is in the business of making money, not taking over the world.

      There's a lot of money to be had in taking over the world.

    • 2. The CLR is just a collection of library code that developers can use or choose not to use. Think STL for many different languages. Already the CLR has support for many languages.

      In particular, I was pleasantly surprised that it includes a primitive for making tail calls, and explicitly cites its necessity for beautiful-but-niche languages such as Scheme, ML, Haskell, (and Common Lisp). (See section 8.2 of the document.)
    • 1. Consumers, that's a retarded question. 2/3s of the US economy is consumption. Capitalist economies typically devote more resources to consumer goods than capital goods. Business computers are capital goods.

      To grow a command economy, you push capital goods to excess. Hence the aggrarian Russia become a major superpower from the time of the Russian revolution (1917) to rival the western world by the end of WW II and remained competitive until its economic collapse in the early 90s. Despite the ability to keep up militarily (technically consumer goods, as weapons and munitions aren't used to produce other goods) and in factories, they had bread lines and 10 year waits for autos. Why? If the rest of the world wants to destroy you, you spend on military first, keeping up second, and goods for the people 3rd.

      Businesses spend money differently. Demand for capital goods is different from demand for consumer goods. Businesses will buy capital goods (like computers) at higher prices because they get a good ROI on them, and the opportunity cost of downtime and tech support is higher.

      Consumers are willing to spend differently. They are more likely to be willing to spend 1-2 hours on tech support then spend $100 to avoid those waits.

      Its about two things: market segmentation, money.

      If Microsoft can get themselves 1% of the consumer non-food, non-rent economy (essentially becoming a government and enacting a tax), they will become MUCH larger than now.

      If they can better split the business buyers from the consumers, they can maximize prices and therefore profits.

      Alex
  • by TheNecromancer ( 179644 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:37PM (#2826658)
    Why does everyone have to see the evil in whatever MS does?? True, they have done some evil things in the past, but can't people see that the CLR is part of an effort to accelerate interoperability of software that we developers will be creating in the future, regardless of what language it's written in?

    I'm tired of reading about how everything M$ does is evil...they are a corporation, and they have their best interests in mind, just like other corporations(i.e. Sun). Let's stop focusing on the negatives and start focusing on the positives, like the fact that MS and Sun have done alot to work together to further the standardizion of the SOAP protocol!
    • Why does everyone have to see the evil in whatever MS does??

      So, we're supposed to ignore the evil in everything Microsoft does? At least you admit that everything they do has evil in it, that's an important first step.

    • by alext ( 29323 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:50PM (#2827011)
      Putting aside the interesting philosophical question of whether a corporation can be evil for a moment, the following can be asserted with a degree of confidence:

      1. The interoperability aspect the article is concerned with is that between platforms, not between languages. The latter is interesting, if overstated, but irrelevant here.

      2. CLR may be specified, but other APIs and services are not, therefore it is trivially easy to lock in developers, just as was attempted with the proprietary GUI API MS provided for J++.

      3. For some reason, it is not yet widely appreciated that the public SOAP specification already has a proprietary MS extension called .NET Remote. While SOAP cannot pass object references around, or serialize objects like RMI, .NET Remote removes both of these restrictions, making it much more attractive than straight SOAP, which doesn't even provide object-level access in its standard form.
    • If you look at the "web services" part of .NET, you'll see evil. For starters, their concept of "web services" includes any software that uses a network. Under .NET, they specify a common interface layer for "web services", based on transmitting XML over HTTP.

      Just think about this... all networked applications for .NET will use the same protocols and the same framework and the same securtiy. And if you've seen some of MSFTs previous experiments with XML (uuencode binary data and wrap it in some XML bits), you'd be afraid.
  • J++ v2.0? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by alexhmit01 ( 104757 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:38PM (#2826662)
    When I was in high school, we were spec'ing out Alphas for the school file servers. The problem with the Alphas? No software. You could only buy them as File and Print servers.

    J++ looked like it was going to change things. If you wrote Java code, it would in theory, run anywhere. If you wrote J++ code, it would run on any Windows. Given the Windows Everywhere initiatives (the separate NT, Windows, and WinCE lines), J++ would have given Microsoft that platform independance.

    MS wanted to split from Intel years ago. Everyone thought that Intel was dead after the Pentium. RISC processors were blowing them away, and Intel's CISC ISA was holding them back.

    Well, Intel figured out how to build a RISC processor with a hardware decoder, Windows NT took off faster than expected, the 64-bit Alpha version never shipped, and now MS/Intel split a HUGE monopoly.

    This gives their Windows Everywhere initiative some teeth. They are pushing Win32 APIs everywhere, but you need to code differently for the Xbox, Win32, or WinCE. Sure the APIs are the same, but not the compiled version.

    The CLR means that Windows is Windows, and Windows code will run there.

    Look at UNIX, there has been decent source compatibility, but no binary compatibility (until the recent Linux emulation everywhere). Outside of software distributed in source form, nobody supports every Unix, just the 1-3 that are profitable for them.

    Source compatibility helps, but isn't enough. The CLR gives a form of binary compatibility.

    Sun could have had this market with Java, but they fucked up. We'll see what happens.
    • It also means the possibility for a form of binary compatibility with e.g. Unix systems that didn't exist before. An Open Source Unix implementation would be pretty nice to have -- which happens to be what Mono [go-mono.org] is doing.

      It looks to me like enough of the core libraries are part of the ECMA standard that, once implemented, they'd provide almost the same level of compatibility (except binary, not just source) between the Mono CLR on Linux/Unix and the Microsoft CLR on Windows as there is between GNUStep [gnustep.org] and MacOS X.

      That's icing, though. Microsoft could always play their usual compatibility games, limiting the usefulness of CLR for that purpose. Whether or not it's 100% compatible with Microsoft's version, if you have your own implementation that Microsoft doesn't control it's a really useful technology just for the sake of e.g. cross-platform Linux development.

      There are some annoying things in CLR, but overall it's an improvement over the JVM (as practiced).

      Note I'm not addressing C# versus Java as languages. You can host many different languages on both the JVM and CLR, although Microsoft seems to be actively touting that fact more than Sun is right now.
      • by alexhmit01 ( 104757 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:07PM (#2826832)
        I'm a disgrunted MCSE that didn't like the early retirement of the NT 4.0 certification. We were under the impression that it would last until the NT 6.0 certification process, but that didn't happen. I don't like Microsoft.

        HOWEVER.

        They do play games (Windows isn't done until 1-2-3 won't run, the DR-DOS Win3.1 beta fake error, etc.), but less often then you think. Half the games that they play stem from the fact that their employees don't look outside the Microsoft bubble.

        Though I can't find it now, on MSN's Canadian Xbox page, they claimed that it was the first console to support 4 players. This is a company that is SO huge that adventuring to the rest of the tech world involves looking at other divisions. When they break standards, half the time I doubt they realize it. When they do things based upon their bastardized standard in another program, they may not realize it.

        It's a large company, they can't act as a single mind despite what Slashdot thinks.

        Alex
      • You can host many different languages on both the JVM and CLR

        But the CLR allows you to integrate IL code from various languages in one program not just at the function call level but object orientation as well.

        • Re:J++ v2.0? (Score:3, Informative)

          by BitwizeGHC ( 145393 )
          http://www.cygnus.com/~bothner/kawa.htm

          So does Java. Java provides sufficient introspection into the structure of its own classes, such that any language wishing to integrate on the object level with Java would have no trouble doing so using standard APIs. It's pretty much a matter of how well you code the environment for the target language. It's not like Perl and Python integrate instantly with CLR out-of-the-box, the language implementations had to be rewritten with CLR in mind. Java is no different.

          For a good Java implementation of Scheme with the ability to integrate with classes and objects written in Java, check out: http://www.cygnus.com/~bothner/kawa.htm
      • I think Microsoft just has the benifit of hindsight here. They saw that people were interested in using the JVM for other languages and they've been working on providing cross-language tools for some time (Visual Basic switched to using the Visual C++ backend compiler for native EXE generation a while back, there was the 'Cool' project - interpreted C++, and having Java and VB running on the same machine was on the cards for a while).

        Check out this month's .NET show [microsoft.com]. Jim Miller, one of the designers of the CLR, talks about this in some detail.

    • You are correct to point out the relative inability of the commercial unix vendors to get their act together, although this needs qualification. Most high end commercial unixes are tied closely to a high-performance platform. Personally I think those vendors would be remiss not to expose that exotic hardware as directly as possible to the owner - otherwise, whats the point of buying a $200k server? To me, this means systems programming in C/C++. I am sure there are people who purchase exotic hardware to run a VM on, but I don't see the point.

      For smaller, commodity systems though, you are spot on. The unix vendors will always be a camp divided, needlessly thrusting small incompatibilities into the development cycle. Maybe Linux on x86 will simply borg the other commodity unices and solve this problem in an indirect fashion, but even then linux itself is splintering in a frustrating fashion.

      • The point of buying a $200K server is definitely not for performance alone. Otherwise Alpha would rule the earth. People spend $200K for a server that is reliable, scalable, runs the software they need, and is performant.

        J2EE platforms are getting more popular all the time, and they run interpreted code in a JVM. That's because modern JVMs are reliable, scalable, and run the software that people need. If more performance is needed then buy more CPUs or disk arrays or whatever. This ends up being cheaper than trying to fix buggy 3rd party software.
  • Paranoid ravings (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Have Blue ( 616 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:39PM (#2826667) Homepage
    MS won't be able to do that without a major compatibility break, and they've just barely thrown off (or started to throw off) DOS. Their grip on the upgrade cycle has already started to loosen with Windows XP. You're acting as if MS will break into your house and force you, at gunpoint, to install XP 3.0. Don't be stupid.

    And you can always get a Mac or something.
    • Speaking of which, Apple is proof positive that breaking compatibility is not the deal breaker. They broke it moving from b&w to colour, again moving from 68k to PPC, moving from 7 to 8 and now again moving from 9 to X. Each time they'd release something that was midway between the two to ease the transition and each time, amidst grumbling, they succeeded in moving their user base to the next level. Why? Because each new level was visibly better. PPCs were so much faster with the new code, G3s and G4s likewise, and X is such a nicer interface than 9 that everybody (even people whose computers aren't good enough to run it) wants it.

      It's microsoft's job to make each new OS worth the upgrade (and, sadly, XP has a bunch of new features that do make it worthwhile). That's what drives upgrades, and that's what makes little things like "not being able to use old, poorly coded applications" not so important.
    • I expect they'll start by doing a '.NET OS' running only CLR code and implementing the low-level (file/graphics/etc) APIs natively. Similar idea to Sun's JavaOS, running on embedded systems/handhelds. The benifits of this are obvious: small code side, greater code sharing, smaller working set. In restricted environments like these there less incentive to require support for legacy code since most of it is OEM anyway. I wouldn't be surprised to see pocket versions of Word.NET, Internet Explorer.NET, etc... Hell, I bet most of the developers would be glad to get rid of all that old legacy win32 code and replace it with something built on a nice class library.
  • Definitely (Score:4, Insightful)

    by ericsink ( 211807 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:39PM (#2826668) Homepage
    Eventually the CLR will replace Microsoft's platform revenue stream.

    Right now they get a nice chunk of money every time somebody buys a PC. Windows is one of the most expensive components of a desktop computer.

    If you look far enough down the road, Linux on the desktop is a reality. So they know that the OS monopoly is coming to an end. It is time to start getting a new monopoly ready to take its place.

    They will ride this gravy train as long as they can, and then they will concede the OS market and start charging the same per-computer tax for the CLR. They won't care what OS is running underneath it. The OS will become a low-margin commodity, and they may even just starting giving Windows away for free. The profit margins will simply be relocated upward to a higher layer of this new and thicker notion of a platform.

    BTW, don't even think about suggesting that Java will win because it was here first. Java is to the CLR as Lotus-1-2-3 was to Excel. Some people innovate. Other people specialize in refinement and broad market penetration.
  • by JMZero ( 449047 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:41PM (#2826682) Homepage
    People are always assuming MS is going to pull some crazy crap using its monopoly power.

    It does of course, but nothing like what Jamie is thinking. Whenever it does try something bizarre, like making MSN only work with IE, people call them on it. And they stop.

    And if they pulled something like this, they'd have to. The DOJ isn't going to sign off its case without some sort of oversight.

    And I think the oversight committee might have a problem with

    "Proposal 1A: Drop support for any PC that's capable of booting a non-MS OS."

    These stupid ideas only serve to make the real ones look silly.

    Why should Jamie get to post moderation free, Katzian garbage like this? Put it in a comment like everyone else.

    .
    • And I think the oversight committee might have a problem with

      "Proposal 1A: Drop support for any PC that's capable of booting a non-MS OS."
      But would the oversight committee have a problem with this? "Phoenix Technologies and American Megatrends announced today that to help prevent the spread of boot-sector viruses, all PCs and servers using their BIOSs will henceforth only load verified boot-blocks."

      The BIOS would initially be able to verify boot-blocks signed by a small number of companies, such as all the for-profits UNIX vendors, but Linux, et al, would be shut out. (We've already seen efforts in various standard committees to shut out Open Source OSes by only accepting input from for-profit corporations.) Over time, the other signatures could be dropped, as various entities got out of the OS business. Compaq is slowly dropping support for all the DEC operating systems, HP is so close to NT that I could see HPUX going away, and SGI is always on the ropes. In just a few years, you could see PCs only accepting boot-blocks from MS and IBM.

      • Fantasy. (Score:3, Insightful)

        by JMZero ( 449047 )
        And this would happen without anyone batting an eyelash, I'm sure. DOJ would be happy with it.

        I don't think so. And even if the situation came to pass:

        A: It would be easy to remedy this situation, and it would be remedied via antitrust action (though perhaps some group would need to be formed to validate and sign OS booters from open source vendors).
        B: The market would supply a vendor who produced equipment to run other OS's.

        This is the problem with the "slippery slope" style of arguing. You don't try to evaluate the problems with some projection, you just view it as some inevitable consequence of something reasonable. Everything gets bent into some crazy, hypothetical world where nothing is as it is now.

        Here's a projection: Linux will overcome MS by providing a better product for free. Seems a lot more likely than Jamie's scenario.

        Why can't this be the topic of our anti-MS conversation: What can we do to make Linux better?

        ...
    • Why should Jamie get to post moderation free, Katzian garbage like this? Put it in a comment like everyone else.

      I agree. This kind of lame paranoid rant gives the Slashdot community a bad name. It's bad enough in the comments, but there at least moderators can control the quality to some extent. I already have Katz on the block-list. I'm putting Jamie there too, but even that wouldn't have blocked this crap since it was posted by Cliff and just *adulterated* by Jamie.
    • by CaseyB ( 1105 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @12:34AM (#2827583)
      Why should Jamie get to post moderation free, Katzian garbage like this? Put it in a comment like everyone else.

      I made *exactly* the same observation about a particularly stupid CmdrTaco editorial attached to a story. I was lucky enough to get a direct reply to my comment in which he proudly said, thought not in so many words: "Fuck you, it's my site, I can write what I want".

      Slashdot makes NO pretense at journalistic integrity. It's just a blog.

  • by Anonymous Coward
    Depite what MS try to said,
    the C# language is pretty the same as the Java language, the .net platorm is exactly the same as the Java platform.

    Even if there are little difference these are insigifiant ones.

    People with good Java skills and that also have experience on MS.net can confirm all my statements.

    The problem of .net is that it does not deal of the wide platform spectrum that Java already have : cf. JavaCard, J2ME, J2SE, J2SE, ....

    MS already done a standard process to ECMA for C# and the core IL, but *forget* to standardize the APIs ;)

    In other words, MS can change the APIs without notification and break any compatibility without breaking any standard !

    What .net has manage to do yet is to fully legitimate Java and help the wide acceptance on server side (and recently the restart of the client-side) ! Just because you do not have to do the evangelism jsut because MS done it.

    The problem with .net come from the fact that MS is pretty in late about 4year. Just thingk, .net is two year old project (named cool) and is not even yet at final state. Benchmark are forbidden and unofficialbench shows that it si dog-slow and thread crash sensitive.

    HAving trashcan'ed all their legacy technologies (DNA, MTS, DCOM?, VB ...) they've tried to force user migration to complete new platform.

    How a VB user will react with no more goto's, fim's var's, ... and with full object programming technics and polymorphism ?

    This is a plain ne world and thinking of a sleek migration is either stupid or idiot.

    My forecasting on MS.net is that it will never take of from 20% share within the next 5 years. In worst case (if MS never manage to fixe issues on VS.NET and MSIL) MS could just simply from shares and never skyrocketeer at all.

    Anyway for a Java user .net is nothing new and just a funny thing without any real inovative stuffs inside but toys features.
  • by jezerbel ( 256675 )
    I've actually been thinking about all of this (especially in relationship to Microsofts .NET) and it makes sense. With Windows finally approaching a 'coming of age' (hmmm) they are manouvering themselves into a very marketable position. Suffice to say I think .NET and SOAP applications together with the CLR will succeed where java failed in many respects - Microsoft have taken their time with .NET and ensured that they have services and languages that take full advantage of a lot content distribution.

    At the same time this can be a sad thing given MS's track record of snuffing out ANY competition with ruthless business tactics. Given the fact that there should be more healthy competition in the computing market place I still however look forward to having a shot at CLR/.NET content delivery (ducks bricks..)

    Considering their movement into the home market with XBox and other soon to be released peripherals (think WinCE mobile phones and to a certain extent: "Content delivery anywhere, on any device" a la "Antitrust". If they are the communications vehicle for Fox/AOL/Time Warner/Sony (you name it) they place themselves in an incredibly lucrative position and the framework libraries are absolutely priceless for quick and easy movement of content.

    The CLR has a lot more to do with this strategy than a generic java clone - I'm sure its the content delivery mechanism for ruling the subscriptions of the future. Mind you the content will probably be served from Linux/FreeBSD with Apache/PostgreSQL!! - only way to guarantee good uptime :)
  • What about Mono? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Ondo ( 187980 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:47PM (#2826714)
    Does this mean that Mono is now a force for good, protecting us from the Powers of Darkness getting absolute control, or are the still vile traitors helping the Beast conquer the world?
  • It's very plausible (Score:2, Interesting)

    by -ryan ( 115102 )
    It's very plausible that the CLR is how MS plans to insure it's monopoly in what's becoming the commoditization of the operating system and the diversification of computing platforms (set top box, PDA, cell phone, etc..). Java and Linux run on just about anything, that is: Linux running on about any hardware, and Java running on about any operating system. MS usually "get's it" and twists "it" to their advantage. It doesn't surprise me that they would "get" WORA as well as the fact that their OS needs to run on diverse hardware. Think back to Shared Source, or any other good idea that MS took and bastardized for their own use. People that think MS will obsolete themselves forget that MS is not what IBM was. MS has hoards of cash; lots of savvy, aggressive, very bright business people; and an army of programmers. If they "get" anything they have all the resources they need available to them to capitalize on it. If you think the gov't is going to actually do anything to stop them, get real.

    This is why I keep repeating the fact that us Free Software and Open Source hackers need to stop following MS and others, and jump ahead. Why didn't Gnome or KDE leap ahead in terms of UI like (arguably) OSX and XP have? Because we were to busy copying Windows and UNIX. I'll get flammed for this but, why must Linux be so UNIX like? It's a kernel, the rest of the OS could become anything we dream up. Why aren't we setting the pace and doing the innovating? Why not dream up an entirely new set of operating system metaphors?

    Stop following, start leading.
  • well, of course (Score:4, Insightful)

    by markj02 ( 544487 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:53PM (#2826751)
    Microsoft has faced the problem of platform-dependence for years: NT on Alpha, NT on PPC, CE on various handhelds, Word on Mac and Windows, etc. And should they optimize for 386, 486, Pentium, AMD? Another problem is that batch-compiled binaries (in particular for RISC machines) are much bigger and load more slowly.

    Java would have been godsend for Microsoft, addressing all these problems, but they didn't control it and it would have given people not only hardware independence but also Microsoft independence.

    Technically, there are no significant differences between the CLR and the JVM. The CLR isn't any more or less powerful than the JVM, it won't run much faster or slower, and it won't be any easier or harder to implement. You already have Java compilers for the CLR, and you will see C# compilers for the JVM soon. But Microsoft controls the evolution of the CLR, and that is what matters to them. While Microsoft will probably implement the ECMA standard, they will extend the CLR and libraries in numerous proprietary ways, and that will give them exactly the control they want.

  • by jrockway ( 229604 ) <jon-nospam@jrock.us> on Friday January 11, 2002 @07:56PM (#2826769) Homepage Journal
    Naturally, to prevent you from firing up GCC and doing a rogue compilation of DeCSS or Lame or other unauthorized code, the operating system will have to stop you from running anything that isn't written in its language for its virtual machine.


    This is just wrong. Hardware is hardware and has no idea what seqences of instructions do. They execute an instruction, then another, then another. You put your code in memory and feed the CPU the address of the code. You can always go under the operating system (stick in a boot disk that loads the OS on top of something else). There's no way a machine could block "illegal code".

    Now, maybe a chip that only executes signed bytecode could do something like this. But then development would be essentially impossible and there would be no programs for that achitecture (and if you give developers the private key, it will be public in seconds; hell I'd do it!!).
  • Different from JVM (Score:2, Insightful)

    by tunah ( 530328 )
    How does it compare to the Java Virtual Machine?

    Well, there isn't a huge company with a monopoly on operating systems trying to squash it.

    • Microsoft, contrary to popular belief, didn't try and squash Java initially. They loved it! And they didn't try and make it MS proprietary, so much as extend it in a Microsoft way. They let it access windows at a lower level, making it faster and more powerful. They added in extra options, so that Java code could make Windows do tricks. Basically, they did the same thing that Sun does all the time -- they extended the basic language by building new APIs. And they did a good job...i'm still using a lot of the features (such as NT services in Java and java "exes", mini executable JVMs). Such a good job that Sun got freightened, and rather than rely on the decency of the language and their hardware to carry them into the 21st century, they sued MS.

      And so MS, who realised that Java was the way to go, had to build Java themselves. They've done so in a shitty, "Visual Basic" kind of way with CLR and .NET. It's more marketting than code now, like Vader was more machine than man. And I blame Sun for this...but I'm not angry. EJB and JSP save my ass on a daily basis.
  • As the cost of hardware decreases, the cost of software becomes the dominant aspect of a computing device, obviously. What is not so obvious is the fact that if more than 50% of a product's part costs comes from a non-comodity part produced by a possibly hostile company (MS), no manufacturer in its right mind would invest heavily in the production of that product, since they can get squeezed. This means three possible outcomes for the PC industry:

    1. Full-power, expensive operating systems become a niche market and more consumer-oriented targeted platforms on the level of TiVo or Palm become the norm. Microsoft and Apple have a big advantage in this scenario due to their code bases, and you would see a market of 3-5 manufacturers of appliances including MS and Apple.

    2. General purpose operating systems based on free software become the norm for home use, opening the field to many competitors with an eventual shakeout to who knows who. Advantage: PC makers.

    3. Microsoft lowers its OEM pricing for the Windows environment and provides it through a Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory licensing scheme with multiple distribution companies who resell it to home PC manufacturers. Ironically, this is one of the proposed Justice settlement schemes before Bush gave the farm away. Some or most of the current PC manufacturers survive in this scenario and microsoft becomes like a utility: profitable and boring.

  • Astonishingly good rhetoric for /.. I was moved and shaken. (damn near considered registering to vote, in the passion of the moment) Depressing, yet carefully invoking my desparate urge to go out on the streets and evangelize Linux and open crypto one more time before it's too late.

    OB Hardware Q: What good would a Linux BIOS do? Could someone write/draw one in the linux community? Would it enhance the Linux capabilities, perhaps even encouraging a unified GUI? Just perhaps to make one last, desparate attempt to compete with the dragon on it's own terms before it swallows the world?

  • by Ars-Fartsica ( 166957 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:15PM (#2826866)
    The CLR allows Microsoft to promote garbage-collected languages in toto. This includes C++, which now has MS extensions to allow garbage collection. You can reserve your own counsel on the topic of extensions to a language, but it works, I'll say that for it.

    The CLR also incorporates some other innovative features - the ability link packages based on the signature of that package, not the package name, allowing side by side execution.

    Also, the CLR is closely tied to the .Net framework, which is far ahead of the Java class library as you may mix and match classes across various languages. Note this does not mean you can just compile different languages to the CLR, but reuse code at runtime from code written in other languages.

    Frankly the rest of the comments here are rants, I don't think many readers here understand the .Net platform.

    • by MillionthMonkey ( 240664 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @12:42AM (#2827599)
      The CLR allows Microsoft to promote garbage-collected languages in toto. This includes C++, which now has MS extensions to allow garbage collection. You can reserve your own counsel on the topic of extensions to a language, but it works, I'll say that for it.

      I think you should have stopped after the first seven words of your post. :)

      Note this does not mean you can just compile different languages to the CLR, but reuse code at runtime from code written in other languages.

      Could you explain to me the difference between these two statements? What prevents you from doing either one with a JVM?

      .NET would make a good David Spade joke. "I liked .NET better the first time I saw it... when it was called Java."
  • The way I see it, the reason M$ has such a strong hold on the desktop, is that everybody waits till M$ get it right and then try to reimpliment it.

    The stratigy I propose is just too jump the gun on M$ and give the people INOVATION. But if only it were that easy. We really need to unify all open source OfficeSuits to allow a common format for data exchange, to break the hold that Word, etc have on the desktop. Among many other things.

    But most of all, why not a Multi Platform runtime standard for Linux/*BSD/BeOS. The execuitable is only compiled to a CLR, and make DLL's for windows that will auto convert the CLR to use the native M$ gui, and libs for GNOME and KDE, to do the same.

    The desired end result, would be to write a App/Game on my PS2 running Linux and be able to run it on on my Dreamcast running *BSD, or even dare I say it, my mothers P166 running win95.

    Not till then do I feel that the desktop will be more open to Linux. If their software runs just as well under a Free, Secure platform called Linux, what need will they have to buy the Propirety, Virus-writer-friendly OS called Windows.

    We could then work unitedly on one or two Word processers, that world run on multi platforms, and OS's. We could unite the efforts of KWord, OpenWriter, and AbiWord. We could use KDE or GNOME without flamewars, or we could work on a united gui.

    I guess what I am really trying to say is to, GET OVER IT, and set the lead for M$ to follow.
    There is nothing stoping us taking back the desktop, if we dont mind getting our hands dirty.

    BTW: if anybody would like to help undertake such a project, please let me know.
  • The day that every motherboard's BIOS uses strong crypto to demand the master boot record be signed with a secret key known only to Microsoft is the day that Linux becomes a thing of the past.)

    Not going to happen, unless the US goes to war with China. Most MoBos are made in Taiwan or Southern China, and you can bet your sweet lilly that the Chinese government (or the Japanese for that matter) is NOT going to give MS the power over every PC in China (or Japan).
    So in the free world, you will always be able to buy a free and open PC. In the US, well it might go as you say, but hey, that's only the US.

    The big money over the next decade will be in transforming the computer into an entertainment device.

    Well, that's ONE of the things the computer will become, but the computer is evolving and transforming in a lot of other areas as well. Robotics, niche-manufacturing, traditional manufacturing , astro-physics, bio-technology, precision guided weapons/war machinery, virtual robotic control, communications, aerospace and fluid dynamics, chemistry and molecular design.

    To say that the basic use of the computer will become to titilate the masses is IMHO limited thinking. Sure, there will always be a market for consumer devices, and content that plays on them, but to extend that to Microsoft taking over the BIOS of every computer made is just plain silly.

    Perhaps there will be a fork in PC manufacturing. There will be a consumer device made which will basically be a PC with an idiot interface that makes it look like it's not a computer (hey, didn't Apple do that like, 18 years ago), and then there will be high-end, high performance "Workstations" made for academic, scientific and industrial/commercial applications.

    Because I doubt that NASA are going to be using C# and Windows to build life-support/mission critical software on the next Space Shuttle or International Space Station.
  • My view. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by heech ( 36526 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:28PM (#2826934) Homepage
    I think a lot of folks here have been focused on the Linux/desktop issue for so long that they're not understanding what really drives Microsoft: $$$$. (Well, I assume everyone *knows* that... but not sure how many understand it.)

    The CLR has two implications.

    The first many have commented on... hardware abstraction. Applications compiled for the CLR will be able to run on a wide-variety of different (but similar) platforms... but is this really of long-term value? Are there a lot of applications begging to run unmodified on your enterprise server AND your Palm? Doubtful. Hardware abstraction makes good engineering sense in the sense that it saves future development, but I don't see it as much of a market-stealing development.

    Will Microsoft have an advantage over Intel? The ability to move away in the future? Newsflash, it already has that advantage. x86 is, for all intents and purposes, an open standard implemented by a variety of hardware manufacturers (down to AMD and Intel at the top-end.. for now). How will CLR give it more of a death-grip? As someone else said, this aspect of the CLR is equivalent to the HAL.

    No, I believe it's the second implication that Microsoft really cares about: multiple language interoperability.

    The market Microsoft is going after with CLR is really the enterprise computing market. There is an awful lot of existing business logic written in a wide range of language offerings, and the value in capturing that market is huge. Microsoft is making this move on the basis of a prediction on where enterprise software is headed over the next 5-10 years.

    Different pieces of logic (within different systems) are begging (so M$ believes) to interoperate within a single application server, within a single runtime. XML/SOAP/Web services is a basic solution for cross-process interoperability... but what's going to run on the *back* end? Within the same process, with shared rules for security/type-safety, object/thread pools, garbage collection, and shared state?

    Java threatened to be the default language to which business logic/applications/"Web services" were about to be built with... which obviously would represent a threat to Microsoft's position. Microsoft made a valiant effort to head this off with COM/COM+, but quickly realized that the fundamentally C++ nature of COM+ was making it not attractive enough for business developers.

    The introduction of CLR is trying to change that. Multiple languages, multiple types, multiple run-time semantics... standardized in to one run-time. C++ objects making calls on Java objects making calls on COBOL logic...

    .... that's the vision of CLR, and why the focus of the CLR paper is about the language features of the CLR, *not* the 'generalized hardware' nature of the hardware.
  • Editorial Slant? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Howie ( 4244 ) <howie@thi[ ].com ['ngy' in gap]> on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:40PM (#2826975) Homepage Journal
    The poster's original question seems to be a reasonable, thought-out question about the implications of VMs in software development.

    Too bad it's followed by 4 paras of paranoid rant, which is what people are replying to, by and large. Why doesn't Jamie just post in the forum, like the rest of us proles? Even if I'd blocked him from my view of Slashdot (which I haven't, although looking back over the stories...), this would slip through as a rider on Cliff's story.

    [anyway, what is the benefit to BIOS makers and motherboard manufacturers of limiting their market? The degree of support for overclocking in existing mobos and BIOSes shows that they don't care what their large partners think (Intel, AMD)]
  • by yerricde ( 125198 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @08:44PM (#2826991) Homepage Journal

    My prediction is that, unless antitrust legislation in the U.S. gets some teeth between now and then, the PC will become a Gameboy within fifteen years. Enjoy computers while they last.

    Game Boy is a bad example. The Game Boy Advance is an open system, fully documented [gbadev.org] to the point that anybody with GCC can write software and run it on the GBA without taking a vow of silence or paying the big N. The only things the GBA checks before running your code are 1. the very simple checksum on the header and 2. a bit pattern that produces the Nintendo logo but is legal to copy under the Sega v. Accolade [pineight.com] precedent. So go get GCC for ARM [io.com] and an MBV2 cable from lik-sang.com and get hacking.

    $article =~ s/become a Gameboy/become an XBox/; and it becomes more accurate.

  • Lost in all this anti-ms sentiment is the fact that this is a really good idea.

    As computers get faster and faster, the overhead generated by a virtual machine becomes less and less. If a standardized CLR existed (preferably one that was open, and not controlled by any one corporation), then all that would be necessary to have "write once, run everywhere" would be to have a hardware abstraction layer written for each hardware platform. Imagine how much easier it would be to code an operating system if you could use a javaish language instead of c and assembly.

    Does anyone know of any open-source projects that are working on an open CLR and/or open OOP language? If such things existed, then instead of seeing the "WM of the month" we'd start seeing the "OS of the month." By making it easier to code OS's, we might start to see some innovation in the field instead of the stagnation we've seen for the past couple of years.
  • I like to associate myself with the /. crowd but these unsubstantiated musings are making us look intellectually void.
  • Why does Jamie feel his comments are so important that they *had* to go in the story portion itself? (Note this was another editor's story to boot.) Is he too important for his remarks to be in the comments area with all us other 'lowly' posters?

    It used to be Timothy and Michael who were the worst offenders of editors using Slashdot for their own personal soapbox, but this takes the cake.

    Post stories that are interesting, and if you must comment, get off your damn high-horses, and subject yourselves to the same moderation (and filtering) as everyone else.

    I-Know-This-Will-Get-Mod'ed-Down-As-A-Troll-But- St ill-Annoyed,
    -Bill
  • What took this realization so long to form? For any software developer your target market always has areas that you can't get to. These areas are systems running an OS or a platform you don't or can't support. A write once run everywhere system effectively gets rid of unreachable markets. Hence the emergence of Java in the middleware scene. You can get your middleware apps, hardware, and app server all from different vendors as long as it is J2EE compliant. As the Java 2 VMs speed up you're going to see a good deal more end user apps available because the people making them are going to have a wide market they can sell to. Microsoft now wants to do the same thing just with a Microsoft label.

    Most of the Linux kids probably don't remember when you could get Windows NT for four ISAs. The problem was you could get Windows on an Alpha or PPC system but you couldn't find any software to run. The whole .NET initive if Microsoft learning from marketing mistakes of the past. Instead of getting the OS onto different platforms just get the API onto different platforms and then make a way for people to write the software once so they can run it anywhere. There's no need to patch software in order to localize it, you just run the code which is compiled on the fly and runs.
  • Now that China has pretty much chosen Linux I don't think this will happen.

    Giving up the worlds largest potential market just to please Redmond is very doubtful.
  • by miguel ( 7116 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @10:33PM (#2827339) Homepage
    The CLR is already being used to write applications that run on multiple platforms. For example the Compact .NET Framework runs on various of the cpus supported by Windows CE.NET. Now you can write an application for .NET and it will run in any system with a CLR.

    This solves a practical problem: now you will be able to "beam" programs from Windows CE machines running on different CPUs. Also, .NET is better than any other Win32 apis.

    The CLR also helps the move to 64 bit systems. There are three integer types on the CLR: int32, int64 and native int (which is 32 or 64 depending on the machine).

    The Mono project is building a free implementation of such a virtual machine (http://www.go-mono.com). We have a functional JIT engine, a C# compiler and many class libraries. So in the future you could even write applications on Windows and run them on Linux.

    Miguell
  • by Earlybird ( 56426 ) <slashdot&purefiction,net> on Friday January 11, 2002 @10:33PM (#2827341) Homepage
    Microsoft depend on sales from Office, Windows and other apps. They feel the slump in PC sales just like the hardware vendors do.

    Whether they acknowledge it or not, MS lives in close symbiosis with the vendors; every 2 years or so progress in hardware development produces faster PCs, and every 2 years or so MS produces a version of Windows, as well as applications, that serve to bring the speed of those PCs down to a sluggish sublevel of performance, the added bells and whistles effectively canceling out the performance gains. Users have been indoctrinated into accepting this cycle as natural, which is why users so often acknowledge the speed of Linux, BeOS and other OSes as wonderous, when in truth we shouldn't accept anything less.

    In short, Microsoft boosts the new generation of speedy hardware because users "need" it. And speedy hardware boosts the new generation of Microsoft stuff because users "need" it. At the moment, that cycle is slowing down as users feel applications are fast enough for their needs. The recent improvements in performance have been almost entirely for the sake of gaming performance and multimedia: AGP, 3D instructions, HW-accelerated DVD playback, HW-accelerated sound, cooling supplies, cool cases etc. -- precious little of that stuff is for business tasks.

    Everybody knows the upgrade cycle can't go on like this. And consciously or not, this game of leapfrog will be artificially boosted by .NET because this technology, by definition, will slow down your computer; similar to Java, it relies on bytecode that is compiled into native code on demand (Just-In-Time compilation). While some argue that this process can produce superior performance to traditional pre-compilation, in the short run it probably won't -- Java is a good case study here.

    The fact that .NET could run on other hardware platforms is another possible sales-booster: a hardware-independent Windows would promote new types of hardware, freeing the burden of innovation from being completely on Intel, spurring competition, thereby potentially spurring more sales, etc.

  • by iabervon ( 1971 ) on Friday January 11, 2002 @11:59PM (#2827520) Homepage Journal
    I think the main reason for CLR is that the x86 architecture is clearly on the way out, but it has not yet become clear what its successor will be. There are several candidates, and MS doesn't want to build and keep separate versions of their code for all of them, nor does it want to risk choosing a loser. So it designs a VM layer so that the only code that needs to know what hardware you have is Windows, which you buy with the hardware anyway. In any case where you don't know what the user will be using, introduce a layer of abstraction and you don't invest much in your guess. Of course, they've got code in many languages, so all of the languages have to target this virtual machine.
  • by ajp ( 192328 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @12:56AM (#2827630)
    Microsoft has opened up C# and the CLR for standardization so that anyone can implement a version of it. This is something Sun has been quite hesistant to do with Java. In fact, Sun sued Microsoft for "polluting" Java.

    Microsoft is porting .NET to FreeBSD [oreillynet.com]. How does that help them establish "Windows Everywhere"? They aren't suing or threatening Miguel for his Mono project: in fact, they seem to be encouraging it (or amused by it) judging by the interview [microsoft.com] with him on MSDN.

    C# is a nice, clean platform for Windows GUI development. And ASP.NET is cool enough to give IIS a feature edge (as opposed to a security edge) over Apache. Not that the Apache group couldn't create something like Tomcat to serve ASP.NET from Apache, mind you. .NET is, after all, an open standard.

    Microsoft needs .NET because Microsoft's customers want an easier way to develop. Period. Apple developers love coding for Apple. Linux developers love, well, anything anti-Microsoft. And Windows developers--God help them--should be able to enjoy Windows development. Having actually written an app or two using the CLR I assure you that it is much more enjoyable than MFC.

    IANAWT (I am not a Windows Troll). I am a BSD user looking forward to .NET on BSD. I am a Perl coder looking forward to Perl.NET. And yes, I use and code on Windows at work. And for these reasons, it's very cool to have .NET.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 12, 2002 @01:10AM (#2827661)

    I can't believe almost everyone missed this! Everyone thinks this is Microsoft's way of reducing Intel's influence. WRONG! This is the perfect way to MAINTAIN the Wintel hegemony!

    The scream you hear every morning is the Intel engineer realizing he/she has to spend another day working on the x86 architecture. Everytime he/she pushes a polygon around on a cad system, he/she curses the baroque design decisions that were made 20 years ago. Intel tried to kill the x86 on multiple occasions (80860, 80960, etc) and failed miserably every time. Their most recent attempt, IA64, shares the same departure in binary compatability.

    To wean the market away from x86, Intel has recruited Microsoft to create a language and development environment that generates architecture independent byte-codes. Intel rooted for Java in the early days, but now it is obviously a niche player. Microsoft thinks it gets a leg up on Intel but it is Intel with the most powerful compilers (check out icc) and the fastest hardware (Intel hired away all the Alpha engineers). Wintel lives on.

  • by metoc ( 224422 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @01:41AM (#2827745)
    Microsoft has a multi-prong approach. It is similar to Sun's Java write once run everywhere strategy, but with the benefit of history and money on its side.

    MS has the CLR (Common Language Runtime) and MSIL (MS Intermediate Language). This is nothing new, with CLR = JVM, and MSIL being javacode. Additionally MS also has the .NET Framework (JFC/Swing) which will eventually replace the Win32 API. Once Microsoft ports the CLR to a new hardware platform or operating system, it is simple to also port the .NET framework. MS really doesn't need to port Windows unless it wants everything from the hardware up (as in JavaOS).

    So if this is nothing more than MS rehash of Sun's Java approach, what's the difference.
    .
    First MS has the advantage of learning from Sun's mistakes. For example C#, Visual Basic, & VC++ are not the only languages that can use CLR & MSIL. Any language can compile to MSIL, and MS encourages it, claiming over 20 languages from 3rd party vendors, including PERL and Java. Additionally MS supports both compiled and bytecode, with a built-in native code compiler as part of the framework. These were all possible with the JVM, but not advocated/pushed by Sun.

    Second, instant market. MS is including the .NET framework in it's upcoming Windows .NET Server (aka Windows XP Server), and will have it included as free upgrades for Windows 2000 and Windows XP before the end of the year. This means that MS could potentially have tens of millions of .NET ready systems on the street before the end of the year. On advantage MS has is that in its first incarnation the .NET Framework just hooks into the Win32 API, giving them time to rewrite the entire Windows codebase (supposedly due with the Blackcomb release).

    Third. Applications. Microsoft has Office. Lets face it. People don't buy Windows for IE and Solitaire. Java never had a killer app.

    Fourth. Inertia & Clout. Once MS ports Office to .NET Framework and eliminates Win32, their will be nothing stopping MS from porting Office to any hardware and/or OS platform on the market. 3rd party developers like Adobe, Macromedia, etc. can port their applications to .NET now with a tryed and true customer base, and once MS is ready, jump with them to other platforms/OS' with an almost minimal risk and expense. Instant application base. The first candidates are MAC OS X and Windows CE (.NET). Adobe for one will probably welcome having less codebases to maintain. Any port that makes economic sense to MS is a candidate, including Unix and Linux.

    Five. Future proofing. If the DOJ or anyone else causes problems, MS can easily port Office to Linux just by porting the .NET framework. As new hardware or OS' hit the market, port. Where as Sun could port Java to any enviroment easy enough, it doesn't have the same application base as MS.

  • by at10u8 ( 179705 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @04:09AM (#2827945)
    20 years ago (yes, that means that the references are mostly available only as dead trees) people were joking that compiler writers were going to have to develop new skills. This was because DOD had outlined a plan to move all defense-related coding to the ADA language as implemented on machines with the "Nebula architecture".

    It didn't happen then.

    I'm not worried now.

  • by ChaoticCoyote ( 195677 ) on Saturday January 12, 2002 @09:26AM (#2828246) Homepage

    ...because it makes writing programs easy. Steve Ballmer's "developer, developers, developers" rant is right on the money; people buy computers for the applications, not idealistic concerns. If Microsoft provides a clear, simple, productive path for application developers, developers will write for it and people will buy it.

    It's all fine and dandy to be idealistic about freedom and the like, but a quick examination of society suggests that freedom means very little to your average consumer. What most people care about is convenience , the ease with which they can do their "thing." And Microsoft's CLR, while rough around the edges now, brings "convenience" to developer's lives.

    I've developed a lot of code in the last couple of decades, and I gravitated to Java because it was an easy way to write GUIs. Sure, most of my work is the heavy lifting "under the hood" -- but it's the GUI that attracts users who buy product. You and I may love command-line environments, but that isn't what most people want or need. As one of my co-workers puts it, the GUI guys get all the glory -- and the CLR is a superior tool for GUI development.

    Why use the CLR? Because unlike Java's Swing, GUI code written in the CLR is reasonably fast (through native widgets) and easy to use. The Visual Studio development environment takes most of the challenge out of GUI development -- and toys like NetBeans/Forte and KDevelop don't even come close to Visual Studio when it comes to easy development. The only advantage Java has now is portability...

    The CLR has little or no affect on my engine development; I still write my code as portable C++/Fortran/whatever, and wrap it in a component architecture that can be dropped into a GUI. Microsoft has not made traditional compiled code obsolete -- what they've done is make MFC, ATL, and COM obsolete. In other words, Microsoft is creating a user-interface toolkit that can be used to wrap code that does heavy lifting. They're making it easy and efficient to write GUIs for Windows -- and that, my friends, is what is going to hurt Java and Linux.

    The CLR isn't about getting rid of Intel, or platform independence; it's about attracting developers who write code that attracts user who sepnd money on Microsoft operating systems. The Linux developer community would be wise to spend more time on ease of use and less time tilting at windmills.

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