Ask Slashdot: Technical Advice For a (Fictional) Space Mission? 203
An anonymous reader writes "I'm just starting to put together the pieces for a fictional story about a space mission. To put it briefly, I would like to give believability to the story: probably set a few years ahead, just enough for the launching of the first colony in the solar system, but with the known challenges posed by the current technology. Is anyone up for a little technical advice on space travel? A few quick questions: As for the destination, the moon and Mars are the obvious choices, but what else would make sense? How long would it take to get there? What could be the goals of the mission? Any events or tasks that could punctuate an otherwise predictably boring long trip? Any possible sightseeing for beautiful VFX shots? What would be the crew?"
A few things (Score:5, Interesting)
To make sense, a manned mission has got to have goals that cannot utilize robots. So, any mission requiring ad-hoc methods -or- environments that are hostile to computers but well within the tolerances of humans. (Medium-to-high radiation where shielding can't be used, for example. So long as the human(s) involved are willing to undertake the risks and there's plenty of donor organs, humans actually aren't too bad in such environs.)
A good example of an ad-hoc mission would be a Mars mission that created a sub-surface colony. Most of the water is underground, the ground's a great shield against both the Martian dust storms and the hard radiation, there's plenty of subsurface methane for fuel, and we already know that there are plenty of massive subsurface caverns that can be exploited. The problem with a robot mission there is that it's also shielded from radio contact, the terrain is totally unknown and we've zero notion of how the subsurface geology will dictate what can and cannot be done. Humans don't need radio, don't care about a few rocks, and can study the geology in a way that no AI can currently handle.
Europa, although an "obvious" choice, is problematic. You don't just need water, you need lots of other resources and Europa isn't a good candidate for supplying those in a way that an exploration can easily use.
Once you're past the moon, fuel isn't an issue. You can slingshot to any planet with about the same fuel budget. Time is the only resource that matters. That makes the inner planets potentially more interesting as the gaps increase dramatically as you go further out. Mercury's rotation is such that you could have a short-term manned mission to the dark side without risking frying anyone and the geology there is sufficiently weird that you might well want someone on the ground.
space mission requirements? (Score:5, Interesting)
Since most of the replies so far have either been disparaging or been references to other scifi works, I will do my best to actually answer your question.
For the sake of accuracy, I am going to assume the following:
The mission is 1 way.
There will be no resupply operations.
The colony must supply itself with infrastructue and supplies.
That out of the way, here it goes.
First, your crew must be over 500 people, and totally unrelated to each other. This is the bare minimum required for a stable breeding population. Any smaller, and you end up with an unviable population, a la the nazi eugenics colony experiments.
Your crew cannot all be officers, administration, tech heads, et al. You positively have to include blue collar workers. Machinists, assembly workers, etc.
In addition to this, you cannot presume to find food on the planet you are sending the colony ship to. At our distance from the nearest goldilocks planet, we can't even get a gross atmospheric spectrograph, let alone a detailed list of possible lifeforms. This means you have to not only take whatever food your mission needs for the trip through space, but also the means to produce food when you get there. Frozen domesticated animal embryos, collections of edible seeds and plantforms, etc. The works. It also means you have to take horticultural experts and farmers with you.
In addition, there is a lot that can go wrong on such a mission. The colony ship will be in transit for over a hundred years to reach the nearest starsystem using the fastest possible forms of propulsion currently available to us. This *will* be a multigeneration voyage, and shit breaks. You have to be able to fix things and make spare parts. That means you need a complete factory and refinery complex built into the colony ship.
In short, think of a space vessel with the combined cubic footage of new york state, comprising manufacturing, housing, environmental, and food cultivation systems, in addition to propulsion, power generation, water reclamation, and administration systems. You will be launching a small country into space. If it isn't at time of launch, it will be by the time it reaches its destination.
The colony ship will be too large to land on the destination planet. It will need small craft to deposit transplanted lifeforms, colony site construction equipment and supplies, and ground personel on the surface. These craft need to be reusable. The colony ship would BE the supply line for the new planetary colony site. It would stay in orbit, produce and deploy any gps or com system satelite networks, and ensure the viability of the ground based colony as it develops.
In addition to the lander craft, the colony ship would need service and resourcing craft to help keep the colony ship operational. The ship would be too large for unassisted spacewalks for repairs, so some form of space only maintenance and cargo tug craft would be necessary as well.
This means the colony ship needs cargo bays, and docking bays, distributed around the ship.
Due to the size of the ship, some form of internal rapid transit system for the crew will be necessary.
The psychological integrity of the hermetically bottled colony ship population needs to be maintained. Recreational fascilities need to be available, including botanical gardens which serve no other purpose. (This means you need people to maintain them. Some bit of crossover in functionality can be possible with the horticultural experts developing new domestic plant varieties enroute in the botanical gardens.) It needs musicians, artists, poets, movie stars... the works.
The colony ship has to contain epic shittons of water and biomass. It has to be able to reliably handle a growing population while in transit without overloading the environmental systems. It also has to be able to deflect cosmic energy for hundreds of years.
The colony ship has to produce artificial gravity. This means it has to rotate in some fashion, as no other means of simulating gravity is currently known.
If you are going to write a story about such a voyage, you have to explain how the earth managed to fund such an operation, and also why they did it.
Re:Do your homework for you? (Score:0, Interesting)
Fuck you. If s/he is lazy, it's because of the genes and/or upbringing, neither of which one had control over. And even if it is laziness (whatever that is, really) or some chronic anxiety disorder and/or ADD, so motherfucking what? Fuck the person, in general, not personally. Fuck any person. Focus on the idea. This is not about anyone in particular being or doing this or that. This is the internet. It is text. It is the evolution of ideas. Persons are not important. Get it?
Re:space mission requirements? (Score:5, Interesting)
Agreed, mars, venus, titan, and europa are primary targets long before kepler22b and other distant bodies.
Mars, titan, and europa would all be subterene colonies though, because surface condition will never be suitable for terrestrial life.
Venus poses more challenge. Compositionally, it should have a magnetic field, and has plenty of internal energy to drive one. The problem is the smothering atmosphere. It keeps the crust so hot that it is just on the edge of melting. It is too hot at the surface for the mantle to convect, so no geomagnetic dynamo.
A colony on venus would have to be a "cloud city", or orbital, wit hardened landers scooping up atmosphere and metalic rock from the surface. It is likely the last place that would be colonized, due to the challenges.
Interesting ideas for it would be carbon fixation attempts, like engineering atmospheric microbes to precipitate the carbon out has high temperature plastics, like aramid. (Aramaid has a thermal breakdown temp of 500c. Just about right for venus's mean surface temp. Venus has mountains, which would be cooler. This means accumulation, and specific heat requirements to decompose "avalanches" that fall off, lowering the surface tempuratues just enough over time to really snow the shit out.)
Venusian orbit would be a great place for the superstructure colony ship to be built. It is high in radioactive metals, the squishy crust would allow fairly easy extraction (given suitable fabrication materials) and the high concentration of atmospheric carbon would help stock the biomass requirements for the vessel. Water would have to come from either earth or europa. Nitrogen supplies perhaps from titan.
It would be a mamoth construction project, and being closer to the sun would improve energy availability to enable such a task. (Doubtful it could be built in the outer solar system.)
Breakaway from the solar system perhaps from a gravity shot around the sun.
But yes, long before such a ship would be built, the local neighborhood would have to be fully populated.
Re:The crew needs women. (Score:5, Interesting)
It has been done. Fredric Brown, "Expedition". The first Mars expedition was selected by random drawing. It came out 1 man, 29 women. When the second expedition arrived, they discovered that the population had doubled: all of the women had children, and one had twins. I'm not going to tell you the punchline; you have to read the story yourself.