Ask Slashdot: Preventing Snowden-Style Security Breaches? 381
Nerval's Lobster writes "The topic of dealing with insider threats has entered the spotlight in a big way recently thanks to Edward Snowden. A former contractor who worked as an IT administrator for the National Security Agency via Booz Allen Hamilton, Snowden rocked the public with his controversial (and unauthorized) disclosure of top secret documents describing the NSA's telecommunications and Internet surveillance programs to The Guardian. Achieving a layer of solid protection from insiders is a complex issue; when it comes to protecting a business's data, organizations more often focus on threats from the outside. But when a trusted employee or contractor uses privileged access to take company data, the aftermath can be as catastrophic to the business or organization as an outside attack. An administrator can block removal of sensitive data via removable media (Snowden apparently lifted sensitive NSA data using a USB device) by disabling USB slots or controlling them via access or profile, or relying on DLP (which has its own issues). They can install software that monitors systems and does its best to detect unusual employee behavior, but many offerings in this category don't go quite far enough. They can track data as it moves through the network. But all of these security practices come with vulnerabilities. What do you think the best way is to lock down a system against malicious insiders?"
No one solution to this... (Score:5, Informative)
This is an age old problem. It partially requires people skills, and it requires technology. A couple ideas:
1: First thing is compartmentalize. One person shouldn't have access to all the goodies.
2: USB devices are easy to control. I can push a GPO on Windows that blocks writing to any USB flash drive, or just locks out access completely so someone can't hook up their iPod Touch, run iTunes and copy files that way. Third party programs can offer this functionality as well. Of course, there are always BIOS locks. If one doesn't care about reselling machines, snipping wires and epoxy blobs in the USB ports will finish the job.
There are other devices and ports too. Firewire, Thunderbolt, and even PCIe cards can be hazardous. Don't forget the humble old CD-ROM burner in most machines.
3: Watch data and its access. If a Windows admin suddenly is slurping down everything in the accounting directory, and it isn't a backup utility doing this, then someone should be notified.
4: I normally dislike DRM, but I have used an IRM/RMS server in house for protecting files. That way, if someone slurps off a Word document, it works fine if running on my machine, but unless they saved it to another format, it will be encrypted on their end. I've used Microsoft's RMS for about ten years now for personal items, and it does a decent job as a secondary layer, especially when coupled with some other encryption.
5: Get a solution that can make heads/tails over audit logs. Splunk is nice (though expensive.)
6: Add documents that are normally not accessed, but if they are, they immediately trigger an alert from the solution mentioned in #5. That way, if someone is doing a mass copy of files, someone knows. Most likely it is part of the job, but it is wise to have a couple tripwires.
7: Spend your time and do background checks that work. Checking for felonies, yes. Demanding usernames/passwords to Facebook for ongoing monitoring 24/7, no.
8: Finally, morale. A company that always threatens its developers with offshoring, and has low morale will have far more security issues than one that at least knows how to treat people with some modicum of respect.
From the technical standpoint (Score:4, Informative)
1. Access to information in a need-to-know basis only using strong enforcement via MAC. Nobody has ALL the information on a specific subject.
2. All applications are used via virtual desktops accessed from secured, fully managed devices. No access is allowed from unmanaged endpoints of any kind.
3. If some information is as sensitive as described, then physical security enforcement need to be in place (isolated terminal room for example).
4. No printing, no emailing, no networking outside the proper security perimeter.
5. Regular audits and interviews to personnel with access to specific pieces of data.
You'll have to sacrifice convenience for security in environments that require that.
Re:Nice try NSA (Score:5, Informative)
The NSA doesn't need help, all they would have had to do is follow their own procedures and the leak would have been greatly reduced. There's no excuse for having active USB ports on a machine that is handling top secret documents. Nor is there any excuse for giving someone access to more classified documents than they need to do their jobs, a system admin needs approximately zero access to the actual contents of the actual documents.
Re:Its a Sysphian Task (Score:4, Informative)
I agree with this point. It's not impossible to stop leaks, but organizations can change to mitigate the impact one individual can have.
The thing that is most interesting to me about the Snowden case, as well as the Manning case, is the level of access intelligence communities give to these people. I mean, Manning was able to dump years of diplomatic cables, and Snowden has been able to detail a worldwide architecture of network ops.
Did they really need to have this much access to information? If their roles were more compartmentalized, these situations would be different.
I feel the problem with these leaks is a management issue moreso than the acts of individuals. Taking young, principled, intelligent guys and giving them the keys to a trove of information about questionable activities is just not the way to run an organization. The people he reported to should be the ones being indicted over this.
A solution (without knowing the particulars) would be to spread out access across a range of individuals with specific skill sets in their area and that's it. If you want to train people to be hackers, focus their development on one level of infrastructure and make it impossible for one guy to do this all on his own.