Tiny ccTLDs - Who Should You Register With?

mumkin asks: "I have been shopping for a new domain and am considering going with a more obscure ccTLD for my namespace needs. I like the thought of my lan being a virtual extension of a tropical isle or wind-swept steppe, and generally looking weird in people's logs :) Ideally the NIC would lack a full-on whois server, for that extra degree of anonymity. It is important to me that the registry be doing something worthwhile for the country whose TLD it's hawking, and not just ripping them off. Oh, and I want nothing to do with VeriSign, so .TV and .CC are right out (sorry, Tuvalu! sorry, Cocos Islands). So, the question is: what tiny ccTLD registrars allow non-resident registration, are trustworthy, inexpensive, preferably privacy-conscious, and give something truly meaningful back to the countries whose domains they sell? Here's what I have so far -- who else should I be looking at, or what have I got wrong?" Read on for mumkin's ccTLD listing.

.AS : American Samoa. American Territory. Pop ~68,000. The registry is based in New York City and makes no mention its relationship to American Samoa, or what if any benefits accrue to the people of AS in exchange for the sale of their TLD space. Cost: $45/year. Whois: limited.

.CX : Christmas Island. Home of the dreaded goatse. Part of the Indian Ocean Territories of Australia, pop ~ 3,000. Recently shafted by the bankruptcy of Planet Three, nic.cx is now (according to its website) "a community owned Christmas Island non profit company." $9.60 of every reg. fee goes to the "Christmas Island Information Economy Development Trust," underwriting the cost of internet service on the island. Service which is currently really limited (2 hours/day of dial-up for $25/mo). Cost: $37.40/year. Whois: yes

.HM : The Heard and McDonald Islands. Australian External Territory, Pop: 0. An antarctic island group, mostly covered in glaciers, generally off-limits to visitors. A UN world heritage site. The nic is managed by an Australian guy, and the reg fee pays for the costs of running the registry. All [surname].hm addresses are unavailable, as those have been sold to the mysterious www.my.hm email service. Probably the most morally neutral ccTLD to grab a domain in, since there are no residents to disenfranchise. Cost: $35/year. Whois: none

.PN : Pitcairn Island. British Overseas Territory. Home of 44 descendants of the Bounty mutineers (half of whom are currently under investigation for more recent unsavory acts). Supposedly the sale of domains will help to bring internet access to the island, (they currently have limited, $3.50/min satellite connection, courtesy of a seismic monitoring station on the island. Cost for a domain: auction. Whois: broken

.PS : Palestinian Territories. With only 50 domains registered, the .ps namespace is wide open. It's the only NIC I can think of that's likely to be bombed/raided/otherwise reduced by a military force, since it's located in beautiful Ramallah. Given the US Govt's current mindset, owning a .ps domain could also make you a Person of Interest to any number of three-letter agencies. Cost: $45/year. Whois: limited

.SH : St. Helena Island and .AC : Ascension Island. British Overseas Territories with a population of ~6,000 and ~1,000 respectively. Jamestown, St Helena is the capitol from which the islands of St Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha are governed. The NIC is run out of London and provides free name service and registration for anyone with residency. Ascension is an an incredibly well-networked island for its size. Cost: $100 first year, $50/year thereafter. Whois: yes

.TJ : Tajikistan. Central Asian nation, pop ~6,250,000. NIC is run by two guys in Fresno who also run one of the two Public Registrars for Tajikistan. No information about their relationship to Tajikistan, or what if any benefits the country may receive from their registry fees. Site last updated in '98. Cost: $25/year ($8/year within .com.tj, .web.tj, etc) Whois: yes

.TP : East Timor. Big news a while back, the media seems to have forgotten about them once the shooting stopped. Their TLD is managed by Connect-Ireland as a public service to the Timorese diaspora. There is little documentation on the site, and it's unclear where the $35/year registration fee goes. Xanana Gusmao, former resistance leader and current president, is the Administrative Contact! Note: on May 20th, the ISO 3166 list changed East Timor's alpha-2 designation to TL (Timor Leste). Presumably the IANA will soon change their TLD accordingly. Cost: $35/year. Whois: none"

dot nu

[jayrtfm]

I've had a dot nu domain for a few years,with the redirection service. Since I orginally got it, they split off the redirection from the domain hosting, which has been very annoying having to renew with 2 different companies. Also their tools to update aren't too good. Up untill recently I haven't had a problem, but a few weeks ago it was down for the entire weekend.
Since it costs $60 for 2 year minimum, PLUS additional for the redirection, I'm going to drop them in a year or so.

Re:dot nu

[pne]

Getting a .nu domain name also pays for

free or low-cost Internet connectivity for the people of Niue, [...] for technology transfer and education in the Internet and computer use, and other related activities in Niue.

(From http://www.nunames.nu/about/about.cfm [nunames.nu])

See also http://www.niue.nu/iusn/hist.htm [www.niue.nu] (though the link is down for me at the moment), which gives a history of Internet User's Society Niue and of Internet connectivity in Niue.

Quote from there:

Now after a few years of on-line time with world wide email services we are finally on-line with full Internet services to Niue. Our systems continue to improve, and the services have been opened up to all permanent Niuean residents as a no cost service. The traffic has increased, the machines are state of the art, and the demand is following the generation of resources brilliantly.

Full services have been on-line since June 1999, and we look forward to whatever new developments in telecommunications, health and education that we can provide with the resources being generated by the .nu domain sales. So, if you happen to register a .nu domain, please remember that you are helping to keep Niue on-line in a way that would not be possible otherwise, and you are helping development at the grass roots level in other areas as well. Thank you for that!

-Richard Saint Clair, Alofi Niue-

Re:dot nu

[Nikau]

jayrtfm:
.nu!

Nikau:
No, no, no, no, i--

jayrtfm:
.nu!

Nikau:
No, it's not that. It's '.ni [www.nic.ni]'.

jayrtfm:
.nu!

Nikau:
No, no. '.ni'. You're not doing it properly. No.

jayrtfm:
.ni!

Nikau and jayrtfm:
.ni!

Nikau:
That's it. That's it. You've got it.

Nikau and jayrtfm:
.ni!

Standards by which to judge ccTLDs

[mumkin]

I haven't found a copy of an approved version, but the Final Draft of "Best Practice Guidelines for ccTLD Managers" [aftld.org] has some interesting things to say about the relationship between ccTLD Managers and the countries they serve (italics mine):

3.1.1 Service to the Community

3.1.1.1 Promotion of the Internet - It is the obligation of the ccTLD Manager to foster the use of the Internet in the geographical location associated with the ccTLD's ISO-3166-1 code for which the domain is named. The Manager should take a leadership role in promoting awareness of the Internet, access to the Internet, and use of the Internet within the Country. The ccTLD Manager should develop, over time, a consultative process with various elements of society including the government, the education interests, the health care interests, the cultural and other non-commercial interests, the business interests, and other sectors of society that may be affected by and which may profit by the use of the Internet, and who together make up the Local Internet Community.

3.1.1.2 Service - As community service is an essential and central element in the mandate of a ccTLD, the ccTLD Manager should from time to time, and depending on its financial situation, identify activities serving the interests of the local community with respect to the Internet. The ccTLD Manager should engage with the local community to stimulate broad usage of the Internet through initiatives such as educational programs, technical assistance, programs to enhance Internet access opportunities for residents, identification of innovative benefits to the local community through the Internet, or other activities as the ccTLD Manager may from time to time identify as serving the best interests of the local community with respect to the Internet. As part of its operating agreement with ICANN, the ccTLD Manager should develop a plan, consistent with its financial capabilities, for fulfilling its obligations to the Local Internet Community, including a consultative process interfacing with important elements of the local society both public and private. In general, the ccTLD Manager should attempt to provide service at the best level possible.

If this document has been ratified, I'd like to see a final copy. Seems that http://www.cctld-drafting.org/ [cctld-drafting.org] is defunct, and www.cctld.org [cctld.org] is for sale -- the irony!

Re:Standards by which to judge ccTLDs

[Hard_Code]

While it might give the poster the jollies to use a TLD totally unrelated to his site or its geographic location, I think it is an abuse. Maybe he thinks people in other countries should just be able to register, for instance, .gov.us?

Terribly misleading. If you want your site associated with its geographic location, us that. If you don't, use a non-geographic TLD. But don't abuse the TLD of other countries. It's just rude and misleading.

Re:Standards by which to judge ccTLDs

[mumkin]

Maybe he thinks people in other countries should just be able to register, for instance, .gov.us?

No, and I have no intention of registering in someone else's .gov.xx namespace either. That would be misleading (and probably quite difficult). Second level domains reserved for classes of institution, like .gov, .edu, .ac, etc. should, I think, be generally protected space. It's relatively easy for a nic to verify if the applicant is from a governmental department or educational institution -- there's a certain barrier to entry -- and a domain in that space is widely understood to be a valid credential. It would be unfortunate to lose that.

Now, as to whether non-US agencies should be able to hold domains in the .gov and .mil gTLDs ... that's a diffferent question. Ideally that would be the case, and perhaps 15 years ago it could have been worked out (probably by introducing ISO 3166-1 codes as restricted second levels, eg .us.gov). However, the early history of the internet seems to have set the precedent on this score, and I don't think there's any turning back.

The trickier ones to regulate are .com, .co, .net, .org, &c, and we've gone so far down the road of their being available to all that I think where you put yourself in those categories is just a question of self-identification. As to non-USians being allowed to register in .us namespace, sure, why not?

But don't abuse the TLD of other countries. It's just rude and misleading.

This is the crux of our diagreement. I don't advocate for the right to register in any ccTLD's namespace -- if they want to keep registration closed to non-domestics, that's fine, and perhaps commendable -- but if a county's NIC has decided to allow non-resident registrants, where's the harm in that? In theory (see above for Best Practices for ccTLDs) the role of the ccTLD manager is to facilitate the development of network access within their Local Community. If they have, presumably in consultation with local stakeholders, determined that the additional revenue / visibility / good will that such a policy might generate will help to further the cause of the local community, who am I to judge the propriety? My only criteria, as an informed consumer, is that the NIC execute its trusteeship in good faith, for the bettement of its community.

Ultimately, I submit that non-resident registrants are likely to feel a certain fondness for their host country -- assuming that the NIC is locally managed, or at least not entirely disassociated from its locality, (like .tv or .cc, or the incredibly sordid tale of .io). In the same way that pen-pals create a bond between disparate nationalities, I see the relationship between a non-resident registrant and the host nation as one which can serve to build international advocacy for local issues. And let's face it, many of these developing nations and territories, just finding their way onto the internet, can use all of the friends they can get.

Re:.tr for TROLL

[mirabilos]

It's not "Geschlecht" what sex is intended to be
translated to...
As a German I have to laugh about this ;-)
Seems ya got me, troll!

Must be AC

[gmhowell]

If you ask on slashdot, it must be AC. How much more anonymous can you get for your tld?

What is going to matter a little more than whois info is where is the company located? If you pay a US company to set up a .anonymoustld address, and you post some hinky stuff, the US still finds out who you are through the registrar. If you are really worried, then you better pay out of your swiss bank account, because if you use Visa to pay that foreign registrar, the three-letter-agencies are going to find out anyway.

In short, pick whatever you think is most 733+, because the black helicopter guys are going to find you anyway.

Re:Must be AC

[mumkin]

I should, perhaps, clarify that I have no intention of getting up to any hinkiness with my offshore domain -- at least, nothing that should get anyone's rotors spinning-up. It'll be routed to my home, for one thing, and although the law may be murky I'm not interested in setting a precedent.

I'd just like my contact info to not be available to every joe shmoe or harvestbot that wants to trawl their database. The bulk of the spam i receive is addressed to the contacts at domains i own, which makes it hard to catch those pesky renewal notices, valid contacts, &c.

No Whois means Less Spam, Less Stalkers

[Fiery]

If you register your domain with a registrar using a unique email address, and your registrar has no Whois availability, spammers are going to have one hell of a time spamming the email address you registered with.

It also keeps nasty mean people from the Internet (IRC, Usenet, etc..) from harassing you.

I could start an entirely new identity through one of those domains. If you chained emails through multiple registrars with limited or no whois availability, you at least have a chance of foiling the casual observer's attempt to trace you.

I'm not personally concerned if the agencies know about my secret email accounts or not -- I'd have to have a higher profile with them in order to be worried. :)

.TK!! .TK!!!

[NiGHTSFTP]

http://www.dot.tk/vc00802.html

Free .tk redirects

$35/year for .TK with full control of hostnames and whatnot.

Re:.TK!! .TK!!!

[mumkin]

Interessting. And as they say here [www.nic.tk]:

"... the Tokelau Internet Project Foundation, sponsored by global Fortune 500 companies around the world, has the goal to provide a full duplex 512 kbps Internet satellite link to the group of islands.

Pity there are no Fortune 500s signed on to the project yet. Wonder what % of the reg fees goes toware the Tokelau Internet Project.

PLO domain names

[Chris Pimlott]

3.6. All entities can register a domain name directly under .ps with the exception of those ones that are eligible to register under that are eligible to register under one of the following chartered domains, namely: ...

plo.ps - for institutions of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO).

So when can we expect to see cow.plo.ps?

Correction about .CX fees

[splorf]

.CX registration costs $38 US for the first year, but after that it's $38 US per two- year registration, or about $19/year. This is a much better deal than many other ccTLD's that offer domains to the public.

.cc == Clear Channel

[waldoj]

Remember, kiddies: .cc is wholly-owned by Clear Channel Entertainment. And we all know that they're evil now, don't we?

If not, get thee to ClearChannelSucks.org [clearchannelsucks.org].

-Waldo Jaquith

List

[RinkSpringer]

I once compiled a list with all major and minor TLD's and their cost... it is here [ikuu.org], but since no one seemed to care, I kind of dropped the project.

dot tk!!

[yawble]

dot tk [www.dot.tk] is fairly cool. Not only super cheap @ $10USD/year [www.dot.tk], but they also have that whole jeweled isle [www.dot.tk] feel to it. Slap a rather decent webdeisgtn on it and check out the online interface dealie, and you don't have that bad of a package for your buck. I've had my domain with them and even registered a fre of the free pointer domains. All in all a good setup.

.LI?

[beat.bolli]

Liechtenstein [cia.gov] is a tiny principality nestled between Switzerland aus Austria. The NIC is here [www.nic.li]. Registration is CHF 35 per year, and if they make a profit, they reduce next year's fees accordingly (this has actually happened twice in the last 5 years). The registrar, Switch [switch.ch], is also bidding for the .org gTLD [icann.org].

Re:.LI?

[beat.bolli]

Sorry for replying to myself, but this post resulted in a form error, that's way I reposted.

.LI ?

[beat.bolli]

Liechtenstein [cia.gov] is a tiny principality nestled between Switzerland aus Austria. The NIC is here [www.nic.li]. Registration is CHF 35 per year (~ USD 24), and if they make a profit, they reduce next year's fees accordingly (this has actually happened twice in the last 5 years). The registrar, Switch [switch.ch], is also bidding for the .org gTLD [icann.org].

Russia?

[Innomi]

What about .ru? Last i checked, .com/net/org.ru domains were free, and .ru was available for quite cheap.

Re:Russia?

[rasjani]

I dont know about .com/.net/.org.ru but atleast few years ago when my company setup few machines under .ru tld, we had to move few machines there since there's some crappy laws like "if you are serving .ru domain, you must serve it from inside the country". Dunno if this is bogus or not but thats how few phb's put it out...

Go for cock

[2b|!2b]

Who could resist a name in .co.ck space? Can be difficult to come by [oyster.net.ck], but rewarding.

a domain worthy of scraping :)

[mumkin]

India has specified their .res SLD for research institutes. Thus .res.in

Nice if you're into dj'ing

[decarelbitter]

The .dj [www.dj] tld! I'm not sure which country it belongs to, but it sure is nice for the dj/music lovers out there...

Re:Nice if you're into dj'ing

[pne]

I've found http://www.norid.no/domreg.html [norid.no] to be useful when trying to figure out which ccTLD corresponds to which country -- they also link to the NIC, if the address is known.

Re:Nice if you're into dj'ing

[s20451]

It's Djibouti [cia.gov], a tiny African country on the Red Sea, bordered by Ethiopia and Somalia.

ccTLD Listing from IANA

[tetsuotheironman]

This could be helpful... http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm Good ccTLD Whois server http://uwhois.com/

This one's expensive, but cool...

[markhb]

The Bahamas [www.nic.bs]... when you're mad as hell and not gonna take it anymore!

NB: the above comment refers to the English interpretation of the ccTLD, and has nothing to do with the country itself. Unfortunately, it's $500 to set up a 2nd-level domain.

East Timor

[regen]

Note: on May 20th, the ISO 3166 list changed East Timor's alpha-2 designation to TL (Timor Leste). Presumably the IANA will soon change their TLD accordingly.
On May 20th, East Timor became an independant nation, prior to that they were a UN protectorate, and prior to that they were part of Indonesia.

I would go for East Timor. The timorese people have had a really tough time and could use the help. Plus they are the newest country in the world.

Re:East Timor

[mumkin]

Yes, I'm rather fond of them myself. I have exchanged some email with the manager of their NIC in Ireland. Turns out that they have recently been training some Timorese in network skillz, but it seems they won't be able to assume local control of the NIC for some time yet -- the infrastructure is nowhere near ready :(

wtf?

[DNS-and-BIND]

So, basically the question here is: which registrar is the most politically correct?

Man, I knew there were some lousy Ask Slashdots in the past, but this one takes the cake.

would a sub-domain suit?

[andrewmuck]

better anonymity, free.

let me know if you want one under opendesign.cx

cya, Andrew...

Comments from .ST

[mumkin]

I inquired about .ST (Sao Tome & Principe) and had the following reply from their general manager. It's heartening information:

We will soon be posting information regarding ongoing projects on São Tome and Principe on http://www.nic.st [www.nic.st]. [...] The old (very old) informtion site is locate at http://www.bahnhof.st [bahnhof.st]

In short:
The major part of income from .ST domain sales are invested locally by
the local .ST company run by locals from São Tome. There are many active
school programs wich involves internet connected rooms equipped with up
to date computers, special training and education for teachers etc.
There is also a cybercafé and operations together with the post office
to make e-mail more available to the local community, who in general
does not own a computer. The local company also runs traditional ISP
services - but is hindered to develop some of them because of the
monopoly of the local telephone company to run telecombased services.

He goes on to say that they are adamant about not providing contact email addresses via their whois server. Another good thing :)